Endophytic Fungi 271caused byBotryosphaeria dothidea.Plant Disease85,
745–749.
Mangan, S.A., Eom, A.H., Adler, G.H.et al. (2004)
Diversity of arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi across a
fragmented forest in Panama: insular spore communi-
ties differ from mainland communities.Oecologia141,
687–700.
McElrone, A.J. and Forseth, I.N. (2004) Photosynthetic
responses of a temperate liana toXylella fastidiosa
infection and water stress.Journal of Phytopathology
152, 9–20.
McElrone, A.J., Sherald, J.L., and Forseth, I.N. (2001)
Effects of water stress on symptomatology and growth
ofParthenocissus cinquefoliainfected byXylella fastid-
iosa.Plant Disease85, 1160–1164.
Mejia, L.C., Rojas, E., Maynard, Z.et al. (2003) Inocu-
lation of beneficial endophytic fungi intoTheobroma
cacaotissues. InProceedings of the 14th International
Cocoa Research Conference, Accra, Ghana.
Monk, K.A. and Samuels, G.J. (1990) Mycophagy
in grasshoppers (Orthoptera, Acrididae) in Indo-
Malayan rain forest.Biotropica22, 16–21.
Petrini, O. (1986) Taxonomy of endophytic fungi of
aerial plant tissues. In N.J. Fokkema and J. van
den Huevel (eds),Microbiology of the Phyllosphere.
CambridgeUniversityPress,Cambridge,pp.175–187.
Petrini, O. (1991) Fungal endophytes of tree leaves. In
J.H. Andrews and S.S. Hirano (eds),Microbial Ecology
of Leaves. Springer-Verlag, NewYork, pp. 179–197.
Phelan, P.L. and Stinner, B.R. (1992) Microbial media-
tion of plant-herbivore interactions. In G.A. Rosenthal
and M.R. Berenbaum (eds),Herbivores: Their Interac-
tions with Secondary Plant MetabolitesAcademic Press,
NewYork, pp. 279–315.
Pinto, L.S.R.C., Azevedo, J.L., Pereira, J.O.et al. (2000)
Symptomless infection of banana and maize by endo-
phytic fungi impairs photosynthetic efficiency.New
Phytologist147, 609–615.
Rawlins, J.E. (1984) Mycophagy in Lepidoptera. In
Q. Wheeler and M. Blackwell (eds),Fungus–Insect
Relationships: Perspectives in Ecology and Evolution.
Columbia University Press, NewYork, pp. 382–423.
Rodrigues, K.F. (1994) The foliar fungal endophytes of
the Amazonian palmEuterpe oleracea.Mycologia86,
376–385.
Rossman,A.Y.(1996)Morphologicalandmolecularper-
spectives on systematics of the Hypocreales.Mycologia
88, 1–19.
Rosenzweig, M. (1995)Species Diversity in Space and
Time. Cambridge University Press, Cambridge.
Saikkonen, K., Faeth, S.H., Helander, M.et al. (1998)
Fungal endophytes: a continuum of interactions with
host plants.Annual Review of Ecology and Systematics
29, 319–343.
Schulz, B., Wanke, U., Draeger, S.et al. (1993) Endo-
phytes from herbaceous plants and shrubs – effec-
tiveness of surface sterilization methods.Mycological
Research97, 1447–1450.
Siegel, M.R., Latch, G.C.M., Bush, L.P.et al. (1990) Fun-
galendophyte-infectedgrasses:alkaloidaccumulation
and aphid response.Journal of Chemical Ecology16,
3301–3315.
Stone, J.E., Bacon, C.W., and White, J.F. Jr. (2000)
An overview of endophytic microbes: endophytism
defined. In C.W. Bacon and J.F. White (eds),Microbial
Endophytes. Marcel Dekker, NewYork, pp. 3–29.
Strobel, G.A. and Daisy, B. (2003) Bioprospecting
for microbial endophytes and their natural prod-
ucts.Microbiology and Molecular Biology Reviews67,
491–502.
Suryanarayanan, T.S., Murali, T.S., and Venkatesan, G.
(2002) Occurrence and distribution of fungal endo-
phytes in tropical forests across a rainfall gradient.
Canadian Journal of Botany80, 818–826.
Suryanarayanan, T.S., Wittlinger, S.K., and Faeth, S.H.
(2005) Endophytic fungi associated with cacti in
Arizona.Mycological Research109, 635–639.
Thaler, J.S. and Bostock, R.M. (2004) Interactions
between abscisic-acid-mediated responses and plant
resistance to pathogens and insects.Ecology85,
48–58.
VanBael,S.A.,Maynard,Z.,Rojas,E.et al.(2005)Emerg-
in gperspectives on the ecolo gical roles of endophytic
fungi in tropical plants. In J.F. White, Jr, J. Dighton,
and P. Oudemans (eds),The Fungal Community: Its
Organization and Role in the Ecosystem, 3rd Edition.
Marcel-Dekker, NewYork, pp. 181–191.
Van Schöll, L., Hoffland, E., and van Breemen, N.
(2006) Organic anion exudation by ectomycorrhizal
fungi andPinus sylvestrisin response to nutrient
deficiencies.New Phytologist170, 153–163.
Wilkinson, H.H., Siegel, M.R., Blankenship, J.D.et al.
(2000) Contribution of fungal loline alkaloids to pro-
tection from aphids in a grass–endophyte mutualism.
Molecular Plant–Microbe Interactions13, 1027–1033.
Wills, C., Condit, R., Foster, R.B.et al. (1997) Strong
density- and diversity-related effects help to maintain
tree species diversity in a tropical forest.Proceedings of
the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of
America94, 1252–1257.