288 Lee A. Dyer
the generalist predatorIridomyrmex humilis.Oecologia
79, 427–430.
Bernays, E. and Graham, M. (1988) On the evolution of
host specificity in phytophagous arthropods.Ecology
69, 886–892.
Blackburn, T.M. (2004) Method in macroecology.Basic
and Applied Ecology5, 401–412.
Boyle, T.P. and Fairchild, J.F. (1997) The role of meso-
cosm studies in ecological risk analysis.Ecological
Applications7, 1099–1102.
Brandle, M., Knoll, S., Eber, S., Stadler, J., and Brandl, R.
(2005) Flies on thistles: support for synchronous spe-
ciation?Biological Journal of the Linnean Society84,
775–783.
Briggs,C.J.(1993)Competitionamongparasitoidspecies
on a stage-structured host and its effect on host
suppression.American Naturalist141, 372–397.
Brower, L.P. (1958) Bird predation and foodplant speci-
ficity in closely related procryptic insects.American
Naturalist92, 183–187.
Burslem, D.F.R.P., Pinard, M.A., and Hartley, S.E.
(2005)Biotic Interactions in the Tropics. Their Role in the
Maintenance of Species Diversity. Cambridge University
Press, Cambridge.
Camara, M.D. (1997a) A recent host range expansion
inJunonia coeniaHubner (Nymphalidae): oviposition
preference, survival, growth, and chemical defense.
Evolution51, 873–884.
Camara, M.D. (1997b) Physiological mechanisms
underlying the costs of chemical defence inJunonia
coeniaHubner (Nymphalidae): a gravimetric and
quantitative genetic analysis.Evolutionary Ecology11,
451–469.
Carpenter, S.R. and Kitchell, J.F. (1993)The Trophic
Cascade in Lakes. Cambridge University Press,
NewYork.
Carson, W.P. and Root, R.B. (2000) Herbivory and plant
species coexistence: community regulation by an out-
breaking phytophagous insect.Ecological Monographs
70, 73–99.
Cohen, J.E., Pimm, S.L.,Yodzis, P., and Saldana, J. (1993)
Body sizes of animal predators and animal prey in
food webs.Journal of Animal Ecology62, 67–78.
Coley, P.D. and Aide, T.M. (1991) Comparison of her-
bivory and plant defenses in temperate and tropical
broad-leaved forests. In P.W. Price, T.M. Lewinsohn,
G.W. Fernandes, and W.W. Benson (eds),Plant–
Animal Interactions: Evolutionary Ecology in Tropical
and Temperate Regions. John Wiley & Sons, New York,
pp. 25–49.
Coley, P.D. and Barone, J.A. (1996) Herbivory and plant
defenses in tropical forests.Annual Review of Ecology
and Systematics27, 305–335.
Crooks, K.R. and Soule, M.E. (1999) Mesopredator
release and avifaunal extinctions in a fragmented
system.Nature400, 563–566.
Dalecky, A., Debout, G., Mondor, G., Rasplus, J.Y.,
and Estoup, A. (2002) PCR primers for polymor-
phic microsatellite loci in the facultatively polygy-
nous plant–antPetalomyrmex phylax(Formicidae).
Molecular Ecology Notes2, 404–407.
Denoth, M., Frid, L., and Myers, J.H. (2002) Multi-
ple agents in biological control: improving the odds?
Biological Control24, 20–30.
Dethier, V.G. (1954) Evolution of feeding preferences in
phytophagous insects.Evolution8, 33–54.
Dobzhansky,T. (1950) Evolution in the tropics.American
Scientist38, 209–221.
Duffey, S.S., Bloem, K.A., and Campbell, B.C. (1986)
Consequences of sequestration of plant natural
products in plant–insect–parasitoid interactions. In
D.J. Boethel and R.D. Eidenbary (eds),Interactions
of Plant Resistance and Parasitoids and Predators. Ellis
Horwood, Chichester, pp. 31–60.
Dukas, R. and Morse, D.H. (2003) Crab spiders affect
flower visitation by bees.Oikos101, 157–163.
Dyer, L.A. (1995) Tasty generalists and nasty special-
ists? A comparative study of antipredator mecha-
nisms in tropical lepidopteran larvae.Ecology76,
1483–1496.
Dyer, L.A. (1997) Effectiveness of caterpillar defenses
against three species of invertebrate predators.Journal
of Research on the Lepidoptera35, 1–16.
Dyer, L.A. (2001) In defense of caterpillars.Natural
History110, 42–47.
Dyer, L.A. and Coley, P.D. (2001) Latitudinal gra-
dients in tritrophic interactions. In T. Tscharntke
and B.A. Hawkins (eds), Multitrophic Level Inter-
actions. Cambridge University Press, Cambridge,
pp. 67–88.
Dyer, L.A. and Floyd, T. (1993) Determinants of preda-
tion on phytophagous insects: the importance of diet
breadth.Oecologia96, 575–582.
Dyer, L.A. and Gentry, G.L. (2002) Caterpillars and
parasitoids of a Costa Rican tropical wet forest.
http://www.caterpillars.org.
Dyer, L.A. and Letourneau, D. (2003) Top-down and
bottom-u pdiversity cascades in detrital vs. living food
webs.Ecology Letters6, 60–68.
Dyer, L.A. and Palmer, A.D.N. (2004)Piper: A Model
Genus for Studies of Phytochemistry, Ecology, and
Evolution. Kluwer Academic/Plenum, NewYork.
Dyer, L.A. and Stireman, J.O. (2003) Community-wide
trophic cascades and other indirect interactions in an
agricultural community.Basic and Applied Ecology4,
423–432.