Erica Schwarz CARSON:“carson_index” — 2008/5/27 — 14:41 — page 495 — #5Index495local people must address challenge of
short-term survival 481
rural communities initiated forest protection
programs 481
vary in size and land-use intensities 477–80
biodiversity values of tropical forest options
478–9, 479
ease of access often overwhelms other
concerns 480
ecological insights useful in over-exploited
forests 478
failure to attract ecologists’ attention 478, 478
Forest Stewardship Council 478
importance of socioeconomic and political
conditions 480
logging, selective or uncontrolled 479
NTFP harvesting 479
managed forests are of conservation value 478,
479
sustained timber yield (STY) of shade-tolerant
trees 480
conserved traits 87
Convention on Biological Diversity (CBD) 430–1
broad perspective on use of biodiversity 430
facilitation of study of uses of biodiversity 430
correlative approaches
and source–sink phenomenon 24
unlikely to predict biodiversity patterns at all scales
24–5
Costa Rica 375, 451
cloud forest, seed persistence over five years 247
first large area of tropical forest censused 103
forerunner of CTFS FDPs 103
many newly established plants wind-dispersed
species 396
Merck-National Biodiversity Institute agreement
431
secondary forests near old growth forests 400
seed predation in pastures 374
seedling predation 375
stem exclusion phase, three groups of pioneer
species 390, 391
structural changes in wet lowland areas 392
successional dynamics 397
use of payments for environmental services (PES)
482
woody life-forms in wet tropical forests 395–6
Costus, neotropical species diversified rapidly and
recently 55
cradle-vs.-museum debate 32–3
tropical forests represent both 42
crown exposure 162 , 172–3, 173
rank reversals in 173, 173
CTFSseeCenter forTropical Forest Science (CTFS)
networkdeforestation
annual, Amazon Basin 7
Brazilian Amazon 459, 460
a threat to rainforests 446–7
cattle ranching 446
deforestation hotspots 447
few species survive complete forest removal
446, 447
rates vary within/between regions 445 , 446–7
deforestation and ecosystem degradation (REDD),
reducing emissions from 483
density compensation 313
density dependence 149, 151
pervasive and strong in BCI tree community 155
see alsonegative density dependence (NDD);
symmetric density dependence
density dependence hypothesis 151
density-dependent effects 331, 399
density-dependent emigration 309
density-dependent mortality 236
diet breadth 277–8
evolution of 284
narrow, modifies ecological role in a
community 279
diet, generalized, evolution of 279
dispersal and environment, partitioning effects 21–3
dispersal kernels 20
2Dt dispersal kernel 20
Gaussian dispersal kernel 20, 21
Lévy-stable dispersal kernel 20
dispersal limitation 17, 21, 147–9, 151 ,
394–5, 399
effects of lianas 204
local, increased by terrestrial vertebrates
303–4
and seed limitation 245
dispersal limitation hypothesis 151
dispersal–fecundity trade-offs 5, 186–7, 191–2
among animal-dispersed species 191
among wind-dispersed species 191
dispersal-assembly theories 19–20, 25
emphasis on demographic and seed dispersal
processes 19
ignore species’ physiological peculiarities 25
and neutral theory 19–20