Erica Schwarz CARSON:“carson_index” — 2008/5/27 — 14:41 — page 515 — #25Index515theoretical background 386–7
changes in resource availability during
succession 386
competitive exclusion 386
intermediate disturbance hypothesis 386
non-equilibrium viewpoints 386
stable climax community challenged 386
successional theory, long history 386
tropical forest trees, evolution of ecological
characters in 81–3
allopatric speciation 82
closely related taxa share same character 81
consistency in space of species ecological
characters/boundaries 82–3
complex reticulation in some tree clades 83
possible selection for openness to geneflow 83
species behave differently in different places
82–3
divergent selection among similar taxa weak 81
ecological conservatism 82
ecological uniformitarianism 81
estimating niche parameters 81–2
creation of niche envelope 82
rapid ecological divergence common 82
species differ in autoecology in many ways 81
tropical forests 63
among most complex and diverse ecosystems
400–1
C. and S. America, invasive African grasses 415
colonization-related trade-offs and maintenance of
plant species diversity 182–95
competition–colonization trade-offs 189–90
dispersal–fecundity trade-offs 191–2
empirical evidence for 188–92
potential for seed-size mediated trade-offs 188
tolerance–fecundity trade-offs 190–1
concern over ongoing destruction 474
continental, invasion resisting hypotheses 7
dependence on predators for protection from
herbivores 136
endophyte transmission in 255–8
fungi in forest air column 258
inoculum volume, important in determining
infection success 258
reproduction 256, 258
transmitted primarily by contagious spread 256
exotic plant invasions in 409–26
extent of historical humanization of 480
forest fragmentation, effects of 136, 331
how do herbivores shape characteristics of 122
herbivores and pathogens drive trade-offs 122
impacts of exotic plants on, hypotheses 411 ,
416–20
small and large plot sizes 416–17
light reaching ground through the canopy 123
magnitude of diversity 103
maintenance of species diversity in 197
non-equilibrium hypothesis for 21
patterns of herbivory and defense 63–78
does empirical evidence match predictions
71–4
information base to test the predictions65–7,
70–1
phylogenetic inertia 74–5
theoretical frameworks and predictions 64–70
rare species advantage in 55–6, 108
richest in tree species and wildlife 480
role of endophytes in 5
seasonal reproduction 324
seed mass and fecundity appear negatively related
189, 189
soil infertility 350–1
nutrient enrichment 351
nutrient limitation 351
primary productivity often constrained 350–1
responses to fertilization experiments 351
threatened by human activities 409
an understanding of 4
tropical herbivory
and defense 70–1
literature favors tropical rainforests 64,65–7
tropical leaves, endophyte colonization and
abundance in 258–9
colonization rapid when airborne inoculum
present with dampness 259
endophyte infections within leaves, quantified
255B, 259
high infection rates in mature foliage 258–9
influences on temperate zone infections 259
mature leaves higher infection density than young
leaves 259
tropical pioneer speciesseepioneer species
tropical plants, molecular dating of 49
tropical post-agricultural succession, major
constraints on 373–7
inhibition caused by resident vegetation 376–8,
376 , 378
recruitment limitation 373–6
can be ameliorated by resident trees and shrubs
375–6
caused by low seed rain 373–4
caused by seed predation 374–5