For another important but very different discussion of the problem of evil, see Eleonore
Stump's Stob Lectures, Faith and the Problem of Evil (1999).
Many recent versions of the free-will defense (including the version developed in the
seminal work of Alvin Plantinga) can be found in Pike (1964), Adams and Adams
(1990), and Peterson (1992), collections that contain excellent and representative
selections from the important philosophical work on the argument from evil that had been
published as of their copyright dates.
Three important book-length treatments of the problem of evil, all in the Augustinian (or
“free will”) tradition, are Lewis (1940), Geach (1977), and Swinburne (1998).
3.For another version of Theist's argument (in which something like the story here called
the expanded free will defense is presented not as a defense but as a theodicy—a
“theodicy” in a weaker sense than the word is given in this chapter), see van Inwagen
(1988).
A longer version of the debate between Atheist and Theist concerning the “argument
from horrors” is contained in van Inwagen (2000).
WORKS CITED
Adams, Marilyn McCord. 1999. Horrendous Evils and the Goodness of God. Ithaca,
N.Y.: Cornell University Press.
Adams, Marilyn McCord, and Robert Merrihew Adams, eds. 1990. The Problem of Evil.
Oxford: Oxford University Press.
Amis, Kingsley. 1966. The Anti-death League. London: Victor Gollancz.
Geach, P. T. 1997. Providence and Evil. Cambridge, England: Cambridge University
Press.
Howard-Snyder, Daniel, ed. 1996. The Evidential Argument from Evil. Bloomington:
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Lewis, C. S. 1940. The Problem of Pain. London: Macmillan.
Melden, A. I., ed. 1955. Ethical Theories. 2nd edition. Englewood Cliffs, N.J.: Prentice-
Hall.
Mill, John Stuart. 1875. Three Essays on Religion. London: Longmans, Green.
Peterson, Michael L., ed. 1992. The Problem of Evil. Notre Dame, Ind.: University of
Notre Dame Press.
Pike, Nelson, ed. 1964. God and Evil. Englewood Cliffs, N.J.: Prentice-Hall.
Rowe, William L. 1979. “The Problem of Evil and Some Varieties of Atheism.”
American Philosophical Quarterly 16: 335–41. Reprinted in Adams and Adams, 1990.
Stump, Eleonore. 1999. Faith and the Problem of Evil. Grand Rapids, Mich.: Stob
Lectures Endowment.
end p.218
Swinburne, Richard. 1998. Providence and the Problem of Evil. Oxford: Oxford
University Press.
Van Inwagen, Peter. 1988. “The Magnitude, Duration, and Distribution of Evil: A
Theodicy.” Philosophical Topics 16: 161–87. Reprinted in van Inwagen 1995; in