Microsoft Word - sociology_body.doc

Table 3.1: Two modes of socialization, adapted from
Broom and Selznick (1973)
Repressive Socialization Participatory Socialization

• Punishing wrong behavior • Rewarding good behavior


• Material rewards and punishment • Symbolic rewards and
  punishment


• Obedience of child • Autonomy of child


• Non-verbal communication • Verbal communication


• Communication as command • Communication as interaction


• Parent-centered socialization • Child-centered socialization


• Child's discernment of parents'
  wishes
  
  
  • Parents' discernment of
    child's needs
  
  
  
  


• Family as significant other • Family as generalized other

3.6. Major Types of Socialization

There are different types of socialization; the major ones
include: primary or childhood socialization, secondary
or adulthood socialization, de-socialization and re-
socialization. Other minor types of socialization include:
anticipatory socialization and reverse socialization
(Calhoun et al, 1994; Henslin and Nelson, 1995; Soroka,
1996; Macionis, 1997)