Glossary 209Integrated circuit Self-contained electronic device found in a
single semiconductor computer chip.
Interface The “real-world” connection between hardware,
software, and users. This is the operating system’s method for
directly communicating with you. It’s also any mechanical or
electrical link connecting two or more pieces of computer
hardware.
Interlaced Broadcast television uses an interlaced signal and
the NTSC (National Television Standards Committee) standard
is 525 scanning lines, which means the signal refreshes the
screen every second line 60 times a second and then goes back
to the top of the screen and refreshes the other set of lines, again
at 60 times a second. The average noninterlaced computer
monitor refreshes its entire screen 60 to 72 times a second, but
better ones refresh the screen at higher rates. Anything over
70 Hz considered fl icker free.
Internet address The format for addressing a message to
any Internet user is [email protected]. The recipient is
the person’s name or “handle,” the location is the place where
the recipient can be found and the suffi x tells the kind of orga-
nization to which the address belongs. Locations outside the
United States have an additional extension identifying their
country.
Interpolated resolution Scanners are measured by their
optical as well their interpolated resolution. Optical resolution
refers to the raw resolution that’s inherently produced by the
hardware, whereas interpolated resolution is software that adds
pixels to simulate higher resolution.
IS Image Stabilization on Canon EOS lenses. This is called
VR (Vibration Reduction) on Nikon lenses. Konica Minolta,
on the other hand, builds its Anti-Shake technology into the
camera’s body.
ISO (1) International Organization for Standardization.
Founded in 1946 with headquarters in Geneva, Switzerland, the
ISO sets international standards for many fi elds. (2) Film speed
and equivalents (in digital cameras) are usually referred to by
their ISO speed rating, which measures light sensitivity. The
higher the ISO number, the greater the light sensitivity.
ISP Internet service provider.
JPEG Joint Photographic Experts Group. JPEG was designed
to discard information the eye cannot normally see and uses
compression technology that breaks an image into discrete
blocks of pixels, which are then divided in half until a compres-
sion ratio of from 10 : 1 to 100 : 1 is achieved. The greater the