520 Notes to pp. 150–157
66 Leo Löwenthal, An Unmastered Past, p. 68f. See also Martin Jay, The
Dialectical Imagination, pp. 26–7; Alfred Schmidt, Die Zeitschrift für
Sozialforschung, p. 5ff.
67 Max Horkheimer, ‘Preface’, ZfS, III, GS, vol. 3, p. 36ff.
68 Horkheimer’s diagnosis was based on the following ideas: modern science
is inextricably intertwined with the dominant society. This intertwining
can be seen in the fact that science is not just a means of production,
but functions as the most important productive force contributing to the
creation of social wealth, admittedly only in accordance with the power
available to particular social interests. These have a restrictive effect on
the development of the sciences. ‘Their application is sharply dispropor-
tionate to their high level of development and to the real needs of mankind.’
The political control of the sciences is accompanied by an ideological
control, that is to say, a tendency to disguise ‘the true nature of a society
built on antagonisms’. ‘As an existing society is increasingly endangered
by its internal tensions, the energies spent in maintaining an ideology
grow greater and finally the weapons are readied for supporting it with
violence.’ The task of a science dedicated to truth and enlightenment is to
expose these abuses. How can science go about making itself transparent?
Only by means of the critique of ideology which is a precondition of
a correct theory of the present situation. Max Horkheimer, ‘Notes on
Science and The Crisis’, Critical Theory and Society, pp. 53 and 55.
69 Adorno, Essays on Music, p. 412.
70 Ibid., p. 414.
71 Ibid., p. 397f.
72 Ibid., pp. 410 and 416.
73 Ibid., p. 429.
74 Ibid., p. 430.
75 Adorno and Krenek, Briefwechsel, p. 29.
76 Ibid., p. 36f.
77 Ibid., p. 37.
78 Ibid., p. 38.
79 Adorno, Essays on Music, p. 401.
80 Adorno, ‘Die Aktualität der Philosophie’, GS, vol. 1, p. 341.
81 Adorno to Horkheimer, 2 November 1934, Horkheimer, GS, vol. 15,
p. 201f; Adorno and Horkheimer, Briefwechsel, vol. 1, p. 22ff.; Adorno,
‘Neue wertfreie Soziologie’, GS, vol. 20.1, p. 13ff.
82 M. Horkheimer, Between Philosophy and Social Science, pp. 129–49.
83 Ibid., p. 145.
84 See Adorno, Essays on Music, pp. 404 and 407.
85 Karl Mannheim, Die Gegenwartsaufgaben der Soziologie, p. 41; see also
Wolf Lepenies, Die drei Kulturen, p. 388ff.
86 Karl Mannheim, Ideology and Utopia, p. 38.
87 Benjamin and Adorno, The Complete Correspondence 1928–1940, p. 55.
88 Adorno to Horkheimer, 24 November 1934, Adorno and Horkheimer,
Briefwechsel, vol. 1, p. 40.
89 Adorno, ‘The Sociology of Knowledge and its Consciousness’, Prisms,
p. 43. This essay of 1953 is a revised version of a lecture given in 1950
with the title ‘Über Mannheims Wissenssoziologie’, which is based in
its turn on his original critique of Mannheim. Adorno had written that