Notes to pp. 199–201 531Populärkultur, pp. 34ff. and 248; Heinz Steinert, Die Entdeckung der
Kulturindustrie, p. 93ff.
54 Horkheimer emphasized this aspect in his praise of the jazz study.
‘In your rigorous analysis of this seemingly insignificant phenomenon,
you have made visible the whole of society with its contradictions.
Your work... also has the merit of forestalling the erroneous belief
that our method can only be applied to so-called major problems and
all-embracing historical epochs.’ Adorno and Horkheimer, Briefwechsel,
vol. 1, p. 199.
55 Hektor Rottweiler, ‘On Jazz’, Essays on Music, p. 475.
56 Ibid., p. 485.
57 Ibid., p. 489.
58 Ibid., p. 485. In fact, despite Nazi propaganda against ‘Jewish or nigger
music’, and despite the decrees of the Reich Culture Chamber banning it,
there were opportunities to play jazz in Germany and to hear it privately.
The young people who were enthusiastic about jazz were anti-Nazi for the
most part, and this was expressed in their casual Anglophile lifestyle. See
Susanne Keval, Widerstand und Selbstbehauptung in Frankfurt am Main
1933–1945, p. 66ff.
59 See Evelyn Wilcock, ‘Adorno, Jazz and Racism: “Über Jazz” and the
1934–7 British Jazz Debate’, pp. 63ff.
60 Evelyn Wilcock has shown that during his Oxford years Adorno had
ample opportunity to become acquainted with the jazz of the day. Jazz
was an integral part of the student culture with which Adorno was in
contact when he participated in the social life of the university city, which
in fact he did. He would even have been able to hear black jazz musicians
live in one or other of the London clubs, as well as the greats of American
jazz, such as Louis Armstrong, Coleman Hawkins and Duke Ellington,
all of whom gave performances in Britain. See ibid., p. 63ff.
61 See Nick Chadwick, ‘Mátyás Seiber’s Collaboration in Adorno’s Jazz
Project’, pp. 275 and 268.
62 See Heinz Steinert, Die Entdeckung der Kunstindustrie, pp. 63ff. and 94ff;
see also Nick Chadwick, ‘Mátyás Seiber’s Collaboration in Adorno’s Jazz
Project’, p. 259ff.
63 With the findings about the latent authoritarian attitudes of manual and
non-manual workers, Horkheimer, together with Erich Fromm, had
launched a major psychoanalytically orientated study about the origins
and impact of authoritarianism. This was the product of the last phase of
the institute’s activity in Frankfurt. On the one hand, the aim was to
investigate authority as a socially integrating factor, a factor for social
bonding. On the other, the family was to be studied as the social institu-
tion in which specific (sado-masochistic) character-structures supplied the
foundations for an authoritarian disposition. This was an ambitious em-
pirical project, and its results appeared in 1936 in Paris with the title
Studies on Authority and the Family in the series put out by the Institute
of Social Research. Attempts were made to tackle the subject with a
variety of analytical techniques. A report was compiled on the literature
on authority and the family. At the same time, a series of specialized
studies was initiated in a number of countries, examining the economic,
legal and political situation of the family. Furthermore, surveys were