- 1 Hydrogen H 1. number Name Symbol mass
- 2 Helium He 4.
- 3 Lithium Li 6.
- 4 Beryllium Be 9.
- 5 Boron B 10.
- 6 Carbon C 12.
- 7 Nitrogen N 14.
- 8 Oxygen O 15.
- 9 Fluorine F 18.
- 10 Neon Ne 20.
- 11 Sodium Na 22.
- 12 Magnesium Mg 24.
- 13 Aluminum Al 26.
- 14 Silicon Si 28.
- 15 Phosphorus P 30.
- 16 Sulfur S 32.
- 17 Chlorine Cl 35.
- 18 Argon Ar 39.
- 19 Potassium K 39.
- 20 Calcium Ca 40.
- 21 Scandium Sc 44.
- 22 Titanium Ti 47.
- 23 Vanadium V 50.
- 24 Chromium Cr 51.
- 25 Manganese Mn 54.
- 26 Iron Fe 55.
- 27 Cobalt Co 58.
- 28 Nickel Ni 58.
- 29 Copper Cu 63.
- 30 Zinc Zn 65.
- 31 Gallium Ga 69.
- 32 Germanium Ge 72.
- 33 Arsenic As 74.
- 34 Selenium Se 78.
- 35 Bromine Br 79.
- 36 Krypton Kr 83.
- 37 Rubidium Rb 85.
- 38 Strontium Sr 87.
- 39 Yttrium Y 88.
- 40 Zirconium Zr 91.
- 41 Niobium Nb 92.
- 42 Molybdenum Mo 95.
- 43 Technetium Tc
- 44 Ruthenium Ru 101.
- 45 Rhodium Rh 102.
- 46 Palladium Pd 106.
- 47 Silver Ag 107.
- 48 Cadmium Cd 112.
- 49 Indium In 114.
- 50 Tin Sn 118.
- 51 Antimony Sb 121.
- 52 Tellurium Te 127.
- 53 Iodine I 126.
- 54 Xenon Xe 131.
- 55 Cesium Cs 132.
- 56 Barium Ba 137.
- 57 Lanthanum La 138. number Name Symbol mass
- 58 Cerium Ce 140.
- 59 Praseodymium Pr 140.
- 60 Neodymium Nd 144.
- 61 Promethium Pm
- 62 Samarium Sm 150.
- 63 Europium Eu 151.
- 64 Gadolinium Gd 157.
- 65 Terbium Tb 158.
- 66 Dysprosium Dy 162.
- 67 Holmium Ho 164.
- 68 Erbium Er 167.
- 69 Thulium Tm 168.
- 70 Ytterbium Yb 173.
- 71 Lutetium Lu 174.
- 72 Hafnium Hf 178.
- 73 Tantalum Ta 180.
- 74 Tungsten W 183.
- 75 Rhenium Re 186.
- 76 Osmium Os 190.
- 77 Iridium Ir 192.
- 78 Platinum Pt 195.
- 79 Gold Au 196.
- 80 Mercury Hg 200.
- 81 Thallium Tl 204.
- 82 Lead Pb 207.
- 83 Bismuth Bi 208.
- 84 Polonium Po
- 85 Astatine At
- 86 Radon Rn
- 87 Francium Fr
- 88 Radium Ra 226.
- 89 Actinium Ac 227.
- 90 Thorium Th 232.
- 91 Protactinium Pa 231.
- 92 Uranium U 238.
- 93 Neptunium Np 237.
- 94 Plutonium Pu
- 95 Americium Am
- 96 Curium Cm
- 97 Berkelium Bk
- 98 Californium Cf
- 99 Einsteinium Es
- 100 Fermium Fm 257.
- 101 Mendelevium Md 258.
- 102 Nobelium No
- 103 Lawrencium Lr
- 104 Rutherfordium Rf 261.
- 105 Dubnium Db 262.
- 106 Seaborgium Sg 263.
- 107 Bohrium Bh 262.
- 108 Hassium Hs
- ____^109 Meitnerium Mt
- Chapter 1. Chemistry, Green Chemistry, and Environmental Chemistry
- 1.1. Chemistry Is Good
- 1.2. The Environment and the Five Environmental Spheres
- 1.3. What Is Environmental Chemistry?
- 1.4. Environmental Pollution
- 1.5. What Is Green Chemistry?
- 1.6. Green Chemistry and Synthetic Chemistry
- 1.7. Reduction of Risk: Hazard and Exposure
- 1.8. The Risks of No Risks
- 1.9. Waste Prevention
- 1.10. Basic Principles of Green Chemistry
- 1.11. Some Things to Know About Chemistry before You Even Start
- 1.12. Combining Atoms to Make Molecules and Compounds
- 1.13. The Process of Making and Breaking Chemical Bonds: Chemical Reactions
- 1.14. The Nature of Matter and States of Matter
- Chapter 2. The Elements: Basic Building Blocks of Green Chemicals
- 2.1. Elements, Atoms, and Atomic Theory
- 2.2. Hydrogen, the Simplest Atom
- 2.3. Helium, the First Noble Gas
- 2.4. Lithium, the First Metal
- 2.5. The Second Period of the Periodic Table
- 2.6. The Special Significance of the Octet of 8 Outer Shell Electrons
- 2.7. Completing the 20-Element Periodic Table
- 2.8. The Brief Periodic Table Is Complete
- Chapter 3. Compounds: Safer Materials for a Safer World
- 3.1. Chemical Bonds and Compound Formation
- 3.2. Electrons Involved in Chemical Bonds and Octets of Electrons
- 3.3. Sodium Chloride and Ionic Bonds
- 3.4. Covalent Bonds in H 2 and Other Molecules
- 3.5. Covalent Bonds in Compounds
- 3.6. Covalent Bonds and Green Chemistry
- 3.7. Predicting Covalently Bound Compounds
- 3.8. Chemical Formulas, the Mole, and Percentage Composition
- 3.9. What Are Chemical Compounds Called?
- 3.10. Acids, Bases, and Salts
- Environment Chapter 4. Chemical Reactions: Making Materials Safely Without Damaging the
- 4.1. Describing What Happens With Chemical Equations
- 4.2. Balancing Chemical Equations
- 4.3. Just Because You Can Write It Does Not Mean That It Will Happen
- 4.4. Yield and Atom Economy in Chemical Reactions
- 4.5. Catalysts That Make Reactions Go
- 4.6. Kinds of Chemical Reactions
- 4.7. Oxidation-Reduction Reactions and Green Chemistry
- 4.8. Quantitative Information from Chemical Reactions
- 4.9. Stoichiometry By the Mole Ratio Method
- 4.10. Limiting Reactant and Percent Yield
- 4.11. Titrations: Measuring Moles By Volumes of Solution
- 4.12. Industrial Chemical Reactions: The Solvay Process
- Chapter 5. The Wonderful World Of Carbon: Organic Chemistry and Biochemicals
- 5.1. Rings and Chains of Carbon Atoms
- 5.2. Compounds of Carbon and Hydrogen: Hydrocarbons
- 5.3. Lines Showing Organic Structural Formulas
- 5.4. Functional Groups
- 5.5. Giant Molecules from Small Organic Molecules
- 5.6. Life Chemicals
- 5.7. Carbohydrates
- 5.8. Proteins
- 5.9. Lipids: Fats, Oils, and Hormones
- 5.10. Nucleic Acids
- Chapter 6. Energy Relationships
- 6.1. Energy
- 6.2. Radiant Energy from the Sun
- 6.3. Storage and Release of Energy By Chemicals
- 6.4. Energy Sources
- 6.5. Conversions Between Forms of Energy
- 6.6. Green Engineering and Energy Conversion Efficiency
- 6.7. Conversion of Chemical Energy
- 6.8. Renewable Energy Sources
- 6.9. Nuclear Energy: Will it Rise Again?
- Chapter 7. Water, the Ultimate Green Solvent: Its Uses and Environmental Chemistry
- 7.1. H 2 O: Simple Formula, Complex Molecule
- 7.2. Important Properties of Water
- 7.3. Water Distribution and Supply
- 7.4. Bodies of Water and Life in Water
- 7.5. Chemical Processes in Water
- 7.6. Fizzy Water from Underground
- 7.7. (Weak) Acid from the Sky
- 7.8. Why Natural Waters Contain Alkalinity and Calcium
- 7.9. Metals in Water
- 7.10. Water Interactions with Other Phases
- 7.11. Heavy Metal Water Pollutants
- 7.12. Inorganic Water Pollutants
- 7.13. Organic Water Pollutants
- 7.14. Pesticides in Water
- 7.15. Polychlorinated Biphenyls (PCBs)
- 7.16. Radioactive Substances in Water
- 7.17. Water Treatment
- Chapter 8. Air and the Atmosphere
- 8.1. More Than Just Air to Breathe
- 8.2. Atmospheric Chemistry and Photochemical Reactions
- 8.3. Energy and Mass Transfer in the Atmosphere
- 8.4. Atmospheric Oxygen and Nitrogen
- 8.5. Atmospheric Pollutant Particles
- 8.6. Pollutant Gaseous Oxides
- 8.7. Acid Rain
- 8.8. Miscellaneous Gases in the Atmosphere
- 8.9. CO 2 : The Ultimate Air Pollutant?
- 8.10. Photochemical Smog
- Chemistry Chapter 9. The Biosphere: How the Revolution in Biology Relates to Green
- 9.1. Green Chemistry and the Biosphere
- 9.2. Biology and the Biosphere
- 9.3. Cells: Basic Units of Life
- 9.4. Metabolism and Control in Organisms
- 9.5. Reproduction and Inherited Traits
- 9.6. Stability and Equilibrium of the Biosphere
- 9.7. DNA and the Human Genome
- 9.8. Genetic Engineering
- 9.9. Biological Interaction With Environmental Chemicals
- 9.10. Biodegradation
- 9.11. The Anthrosphere in Support of the Biosphere
- Revolution Chapter 10. The Geosphere, Soil, and Food Production: The Second Green
- 10.1. The Solid Earth
- 10.2. Environmental Hazards of the Geosphere
- 10.3. Water in and on the Geosphere
- 10.4. Anthrospheric Influences on the Geosphere
- 10.5. The Geosphere as a Waste Repository
- 10.6. Have You Thanked a Clod Today?
- 10.7. Production of Food and Fiber on Soil — Agriculture
- 10.8. Plant Nutrients and Fertilizers
- 10.9. Pesticides and Agricultural Production
- 10.10. Soil and Plants Related to Wastes And Pollutants
- 10.11. Soil Loss — Desertification and Deforestation
- 10.12. Agricultural Applications of Genetically Modified Organisms
- Chapter 11. Toward a Greener Anthrosphere through Industrial Ecology
- 11.1. Industrial Ecology and Industrial Ecosystems
- 11.2. Metabolic Processes in Industrial Ecosystems
- 11.3. Life Cycles in Industrial Ecosystems
- 11.4. Kinds of Products
- 11.5. Attributes Required by an Industrial Ecosystem
- 11.6. Kalundborg
- 11.7. Environmental Impacts of Industrial Ecosystems
- 11.8. Green Chemistry in The Service of Industrial Ecosystems
- 11.9. Feedstocks, Reagents, Media, and Catalysts
- Materials Chapter 12. Feedstocks: Maximum Utilization of Renewable and Biological
- 12.1. Sources of Feedstocks
- 12.2. Utilization of Feedstocks
- 12.3. Biological Feedstocks
- 12.4. Fermentation and Plant Sources of Chemicals
- 12.5. Glucose As Feedstock
- 12.6. Cellulose
- 12.7. Feedstocks from Cellulose Wastes
- 12.9. Direct Biosynthesis of Polymers
- 12.10. Bioconversion Processes for Synthetic Chemicals
- Human Welfare Chapter 13 Terrorism, Toxicity, And Vulnerability: Chemistry in Defense of
- 13.1. Vulnerability to Terrorist Attack
- 13.2. Protecting the Anthrosphere
- 13.3. Substances That Explode, Burn, or React Violently
- 13.4. Toxic Substances and Toxicology
- 13.5. Toxic Chemical Attack
- 13.6. Protecting Water, Food, and Air
- 13.7. Detecting Hazards
- 13.8. Green Chemistry to Combat Terrorism
- 13.9. Green Chemistry for Sustainable Prosperity and a Safer World
- Chapter 14 The Ten Commandments of Sustainability
- 14.1. We Cannot Go On Like This.
- 14.2. The First Commandment.
- 14.3. The Second Commandment.
- 14.4. The Third Commandment.
- 14.5. The Fourth Commandment.
- 14.6. The Fifth Commandment.
- 14.7. The Sixth Commandment.
- 14.8. The Seventh Commandment.
- 14.9. The Eighth Commandment.
- 14.10. The Ninth Commandment.
- 14.11. The Tenth Commandment.
- Index
dana p.
(Dana P.)
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