- What is the major characteristic of ions in ionic liquids that enable these materials to
be liquid at around room temperature? - Can the atoms in NO 2 obey the octet rule? Suggest the structural formula for this
molecule in which the 2 O atoms are bonded to an N atom. - Coordinate covalent bonds are normally regarded as those in which each of two
atoms contributes electrons to be shared in the bond. Are there any circum stances in
which this is not true? If so, give an example. - What are three major ways in which covalent bonds are characterized?
- What are some of the ways in which the characteristics of covalent bonds are related
to green chemistry? - Why are elements in the middle of periods of the periodic table less likely to form
ionic compounds and more likely to form covalent compounds than those near either
end of each period? - Predict the formula of the compound formed when H reacts with P and explain.
- Although hydrogen chloride, HCl, exists as a gas, the contest for the two shared
electrons in the bond between H and Cl is unequal, with the Cl nucleus having the
greater attraction. Suggest the nature of the H-Cl bond and suggest what may happen
when HCl gas dissolves in water to produce hydrochloric acid. - Discuss the bonding in sulfur dioxide, SO 2 , shown below:
- Summarize the information shown in the formula Ca 3 (PO 4 ) 2
- Name each of the following binary molecular compounds: SO 3 , N 2 O 5 , N 2 O 4 , NO 2 ,
NO, N 2 O, SiO 2 , P 2 O 4 , P 4 O 7 , P 4 O 10 , Cl 2 O 7 - Give the formulas of each of the following ionic compounds: Sodium fluoride,
potassium oxide, sodium nitride, magnesium chloride, aluminum chloride, aluminum
oxide. - What are acids, bases, and salts? How are these three classes of compounds related
to each other? - What is the distinction between weak and strong acids? Is NH 3 a weak or a strong
base? Explain.
78 Green Chemistry, 2nd ed