312 Ethics in Higher Education: Values-driven Leaders for the Future
Open Educational Resources in Indonesia and respectively reduce
knowledge divide. This article articulates the ethical dimension of UT
open policy.
18.2 Introduction
Human development index (HDI) is currently serving as an
important indicator to reveal the level of welfare and equal access to
education. The HDI shows that higher HDI is associated with the higher
level of human development and welfare. One of the important
indicators is the access to knowledge and education to enable
community optimally developing themselves on their own purposes and
virtues (UNDP, 2012). Indonesia HDI has been progressing slowly since
the last ten years. The slow progress of HDI is caused in particular by
the low percentage of secondary and post-secondary educational
attainment. The low educational attainment is also shown by disparity of
the number and the quality of educational institutions between Java and
out of Java.
Considering the wide geographical condition of Indonesia which
consists of more than seventeen thousand island, the educational
infrastructure and human resource capacity gaps are indispensable. Most
higher educations with good quality is located in Java. Accordingly, the
quality of human resources is also centered in Java Island. However, the
Internet infrastructures have been fast-growing, covering major islands
of Indonesia. It is predicted that in the next five years, the number of
internet access increases rapidly. This is also supported by the Indonesia
Master Plan on Internet Infrastructure Development to promote
Indonesia into new digital era in 2025 (MP3EI, 2014).
Asian Higher education in general still faces great challenges of
access, equity and quality (Dhanarajan and Abeywardena, 2010). The
large number of higher education providers throughout the country has