SEEING CHEN-YEN BUDDHISM

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Fig. 1 List of Chinese characters.

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p' u-tu .g II

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orthodoxies of Shingon Buddhism, neo-Confucianism, and Western sino logy

and Buddhology.

Like the parent of many a famous child, Chen-yen has been obscured by its

offspring, Japanese Shingon. Shingon Buddhism was founded by Kiikai, who

elaborated the teachings of his Chinese master Hui-kuo. Hui-kuo had been a dis-

ciple of Amoghavajra (Puk'ung), who with his master Vajrabodhi (Chin-kang-

chih) had come to the eighth-century Chinese court as a Vajrayana missionary.

They had been preceded by a few years by Subhiikarasirpha (Shan-wu-wei),

and the three iiciiryas ("teachers") are regarded in the Shingon tradition as "patri-

archs" of the school. The Shingon tradition regards Hui-kuo as the last important

master in a school which, from its perspective, died out just after the transmission