erasure, kneaded
blotting, line drawing, 135–136
drawing tools, 16–17
of grid, 134
human figure, 37, 250–252
tonal range, 60–63
toned paper, 36–37, 170, 214, 248, 257
eye, as facial feature, 207, 211
eye level
defined, 74
ellipse, 81
establishing, 32–34, 76
eye-level stick, 99
one-point perspective, 74, 76–78
three-dimensional space, 79–80
tonal range and one-point perspective, 82
two-point perspective, 98–100F
facets, 148–149, 279. See alsoplanar rendering of complex forms
facial features. See alsocast drawing; portraits
eye, 207, 211
mouth, 209–210, 213
nose, 208, 212
field of vision, 75, 278
figure drawing. Seehuman figure
fixatives, 16
folding easels, 26
foreground and background
cast drawing, 177, 181, 184, 188
cityscapes, 271
landscapes, 269, 271, 275
one-point perspective, 77, 80
portrait, 196, 222
two-point perspective, 105, 112, 271, 275
foreshortening, 211, 239–243, 278
French easels, 26G
gallery of drawings
figure drawing, 254–259
geometric drawings, 164–165
for inspiration, 8–13
landscapes, 274–277
light and shadow, 66–71
line drawing, 140–145
one-point perspective, 88–93
plaster cast drawings, 184–189
portrait, 218–225
tonal range, 66–71
two-point perspective, 114–117
geometric forms and shapes. See alsoplanar rendering of complex forms
cast drawing after sculpture of a head, 175–177
figures, 231–233
hands, 233
human figure, 230, 231, 251, 254
landscapes, 268
line drawings, 127nose, 212
one-point perspective, 82
planar rendering, 157–158
portraits, 194–203
positive and negative, 131
shadows, 51
sketching shape and features, 175
trees, 272–273
two-point perspective, 96
“V” framing device, 247
gesture
defined, 278
figure drawing, 244–247
landscapes, 263
line drawing, 132
palm fronds, 139
planar rendering, 156
trees, 106–107
graphite pencils
described, 16
graphite marks, 38–43
toning, 36–37
graphite powder, 36–37
gray tones. See alsotonal range
for gentle light, 12, 13
high-keyed, 105, 108
human figure, 232, 234
landscapes, 270
portraits, 54–55
tonal scale, 53
Greek sculpture, 170, 172, 187
grid
for line drawing, 128–132, 134, 156
perspective, 80
ground plane, 75
guidelines
defined, 278
figure drawing, 236–239
two-point perspective, 104–105H
half tones
cast drawing after sculptures, 180, 184, 185
human figure, 255
one-point perspective still life, 85
tonal range, 62–63, 85
hands, 152
hardness of graphite pencils (H), 16
hatched lines, 124
HB pencils, 156, 172, 173
heads. Seeportraits
high-keyed drawing, 105, 108. See alsokeyed drawing
high-relief sculpture, cast drawing after, 189
horizon lines
defined, 74, 278
foreshortening, 240–241
landscapes, 268–269
one-point perspective, 74, 76–78, 82
two-point perspective, 96–97, 98–9918_067154 bindex.qxp 10/2/07 9:59 PM Page 285