vertical lines
foreshortening, 240–241
one-point perspective, 74, 76–78
three-point perspective, 101
“V” framing device, 247
viewer point
defined, 74, 279
one-point perspective, 82
three-dimensional space, 79–80
tonal range, 82
viewfinder for landscapes, 262
vine charcoal, 16
vision, field of, 75, 278W
walk-around space, 25
watercolor paper, 19
water soluble graphite pencils, 16
Web-based stores, for art supplies, 29
white chalk, 17, 184, 252–253
willow charcoal, 16
wooden easels, 27
workable fixative, 16Z
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