262 Notes to Chapter 2
Waldman, Nor by Power, p. 326; Alliance Israélite Universelle papers (Ameri-
can Jewish Archives), N. Behar to [N. Leven], 11 Feb. 1901.
41.Herman D. Stein, “Jewish Social Work in the United States,” in The Charac-
teristics of American Jews (New York, 1965), pp. 147–48, 154; Isaac Markens,
The Hebrews in America (New York, 1888), p. 309; Boris D. Bogen, Jewish Phi-
lanthropy (New York, 1917), chap. 9.
42.Reel 22, Schiff and J. Goldman to C. Hallgarten and J. Plotke, 12 Nov. 1901,
Schiff to M. de Hirsch, 9 Nov. 1891; reel 688, Schiff to E. Cassel, 24 Dec.
1891; AH, 27 May 1887, 10 Feb. 1888; NYT,27 Apr. 1914.
43.Stein, “Jewish Social Work,” pp. 152–78, 185–86; Bogen, Jewish Philanthropy,
pp. 8, 144, 171–79; Paul Boyer, Urban Masses and Moral Order in America
(Cambridge, Mass., 1978), pp. 144–45.
44.Louis Marshall, AH, 5 Jan. 1917.
45.Jewish Times, 28 July 1871, 25 Apr. 1873 (Courtesy of Jonathan Sarna); reel
678, CA MSS on Jewish charities; AH, 21 Nov. 1879, 8 Oct. 1920; Cowen,
Memories of an American Jew, pp. 92–93; Adler, Schiff, 2:60; Benjamin Rabino-
witz, “The Young Men’s Hebrew Associations,” PAJHS 37 (Mar. 1947): 233,
264, 304; Philip Goodman, “The Purim Association of the City of New York,”
PAJHS 40 (Dec. 1950): 158, 162; Bernard Postal in news release of the Na-
tional Jewish Welfare Board, 7 Feb. 1966.
46.Reel 684, S. Sachs to C. Adler, 3 Oct. 1925; reel 691, Schiff to L. Marshall, 3
June 1902; PAJHS 24 (1916): 39; reel 1986, William Goldman, “The Schiff
Era in Jewish Philanthropy,” 3 Jan. 1920.
47.Reel 677, statement by Henry Potter, Jan. 1899; Markens, Hebrews in America,
p. 149; reel 677, A. Seligman to B. Loeb, [1899]; Louis Marshall in AH, 5 Jan.
1917.
48.Philadelphia Public Ledger for both articles, 30 Sept. 1920; unsorted Schiff
papers (American Jewish Archives), Schiff to M. Warburg, 19 Jan. 1912.
49.Reel 677, CA MSS, reel 694, Schiff’s will; AH, 8 Oct. 1920; Literary Digest, 16
Oct. 1920; Paul Arnsberg in Jakob H. Schiff (Frankfurt, 1969), p. 24, estimates
that Schiff gave away $100 million during his lifetime.
50.Reel 694, Schiff to E. Devine, 18 Dec. 1908; reel 23, Schiff to M. Lubetkin, 9
Nov. 1903. Schiff thought that contributions lost their value if they were
greeted with much publicity. Reel 689, Schiff to J. Krauskopf, 16 Jan. 1896.
51.Reel 680, Schiff’s speech before the Charity Organization Society, 19 Nov.
1907; reel 689, Schiff to A. Cahan, 8 July 1916; Mary Cohen in AH, 29 Aug.
1884.
52.Reel 23, Schiff to L. Zinsler, 31 Jan. 1898, to L. Frankel, 20 Mar. 1905; Bogen,
Jewish Philanthropy, pp. 184–85, 190–91; Morris Waldman in AH, 3 July
1908;NYT,22 Oct. 1908.
53.Arnsberg, Schiff, pp. 19–23; Yoel Darom to author [July 1993]; Ruth Dresner
to author, 4 July 1993; Adler, Schiff, 1:355–56; reel 677, Schiff to W. Lipp-
mann, 13 Dec. 1915; reel 688, Schiff to T. James, 24 Aug. 1903; AH, 27 May
1887; NYT,26 Jan. 1914; Fritz Morris “The Foremost Jews of Today,”
Munsey’s Magazine 30 (Nov. 1903): 230. For similarities to late-nineteenth-
century German Jewish philanthropy, see Derek J. Penslar, “Philanthropy, theone line short