Box 4 - Major structural R&D changes and reforms in the EU countries
The table shows that all countries in the EU are working on different ways to promote R&D and
innovation.
The reforms that have been adopted for the last 3 years have been categorized into 4 main headlines,
which seem to be the main focus for the present. The year indicates when a certain reform or initiative
has taken place.
Governance Tax incentives Supply of researchers Cooperation
between private-public
Austria............... 2002 2002 2001
Belgium.............. 2002, 2003
Czech Republic..... 2003
Cyprus................ 2003
Denmark............. 2001, 2002 2002 2002, 2003
Estonia............... 2003
Finland...............
France................ 2002 2003
Germany............. 2002, 2004 2001 2002
Greece............... 2002
Hungary............. 2003
Ireland............... 2001, 2003
Italy................... 2001, 2002, 2003 2003 2001, 2003
Latvia................. 2003
Lithuania............. 2003
Luxembourg......... 2002, 2003
Malta..................
Netherlands......... 2001, 2002
Poland................
Portugal.............. 2001, 2002 2002 2003
Slovakia..............
Slovenia.............. 2003
Spain.................. 2001 2001, 2002, 2003 2001
Sweden............... 2001 2001, 2002
UK.................... 2001 2001, 2002, 2003
Note: For a more detailed description of the reforms, see appendix.
Source: Cardiff reports, 2002, 2003 and 2004.