4.36 Polarization of Ideal Gas (Moscow Phys-Tech)
The potentialenergy of adipole in an electric fieldEis
where the angle isbetween thedirection of the electric field (which we
choose to be along the axis) and thedirection of a the dipolemoment.
The center ofthe sphericalcoordinatesystem is placed at the center of the
dipole. Theprobability that thedirection of the dipole iswithin asolid
angle is
The totalelectricdipole moment per unitvolume of the gas is
Introducing a newvariable anddenoting we obtain
SOLUTIONS