as we can ask them about it and discuss their feelings with them.When
it comes to animals,however,we have no access to their inner feelings,
so that the question can only be a matter of speculation (Slater in press).AcknowledgmentsThis chapter is based in part on ideas about song repertoires and about
the relationship between animal sounds and music that I developed
elsewhere (e.g.,chapter 8 in Catchpole and Slater 1995;Slater in press).
However,it also gained enormously from the novel interdisciplinary per-
spective provided by the first Florentine Workshop in Biomusicology.I
am very grateful to the Institute of Biomusicology for arranging this,and
to Nils Wallin and Björn Merker in particular for inviting me to it.ReferencesAlcock,J.(1989).Animal Behaviour:An Evolutionary Approach.Sunderland,MA:Sinauer.
Baker,M.C.,Bjerke,T.K.,Lampe,H.U.,and Espmark,Y.O.(1987).Sexual response of
female yellowhammers to differences in regional song dialects and repertoire sizes.Animal
Behaviour 35:395–401.
Boswall,J.(1983).The language of birds.Proceedings of the Royal Institution 55:249–303.
Brown,E.D.,Farabaugh,S.M.,and Veltman,C.J.(1988).Song sharing in a group-living
songbird,the Australian magpie,Gymnorhina tibicen.I:Vocal sharing within and among
social groups.Behaviour104:1–28.
Catchpole,C.K.(1973).The functions of advertising song in the sedge warbler (Acro-
cephalus schoenobaenus) and reed warbler (A.scirpaceus).Behaviour46:300–320.
Catchpole,C.K.(1976).Temporal and sequential organisation of song in the sedge warbler
(Acrocephalus schoenobaenus).Behaviour59:226–246.
Catchpole,C.K.(1980).Sexual selection and the evolution of complex songs among war-
blers of the genus Acrocephalus.Behaviour74:149–166.
Catchpole,C.K.and Slater,P.J.B.(1995).Bird Song:Biological Themes and Variations.
Cambridge,UK:Cambridge University Press.
Dowsett-Lemaire,F.(1979).The imitative range of the song of the marsh warbler Acro-
cephalus palustris,with special reference to imitations of African birds.Ibis121:453–468.
Eens,M.,Pinxten,R.,and Verheyen,R.F.(1989).Temporal and sequential organisation of
song bouts in the starling.Ardea77:75–86.
Eens,M.,Pinxten,R.,and Verheyen,R.F.(1991a).Male song as a cue for mate choice in
the European starling.Behaviour116:210–238.
Eens,M.,Pinxten,R.,and Verheyen,R.F.(1991b).Organisation of song in the European
starling:Species specificity and individual differences.Belgian Journal of Zoology
121:257–278.
Eriksson,D.and Wallin,L.(1986).Male bird song attracts females:A field experiment.
Behavioral Ecology and Sociobiology 19:297–299.
Falls,J.B.and Krebs,J.R.(1975).Sequence of songs in repertoires of western meadowlarks
(Sturnella neglecta).Canadian Journal of Zoology 53:1165–1178.
Farabaugh,S.M.(1982).The ecological and social significance of duetting.In D.E.
Kroodsma and E.H.Miller (Eds.)Acoustic Communication in Birds(pp.85–124).New
York:Academic Press.61 Birdsong RepertoiresMUS4 9/14/99 11:59 AM Page 61