316 Index
political parties 45–73; bossism and
machine politics 61–2; campaign
finances 99–101; clash on issues 67–9;
congressional 48–9; congressional
party committees 135–6; consensus
politics 50–1, 68, 105, 178; discipline
122–5; interest groups, influence of
103–6; McGovern–Fraser reforms
83–4; National Committees
62–3; organisation 59–62, 62–4;
polarising influence of presidency
54–6; presidential parties 48–9;
programmes 86; role of the South
69–72; state and local 46–7, 60–1;
structure 58–62; see also elections
Polsby, N.W. 102
Pomper, G.W. 102
populism 22
pork-barrel legislation 143
Powell, Adam Clayton 116
Powell, Colin 261
Powell, Justice Lewis F. 231
President: appointing power
153, 226–8; and the Cabinet
158–61; chronological list of
303–4; commander-in-chief 146,
148, 152, 165, 172, 173, 175, 217,
253; constitutional powers 152–3;
control of administration 205–6;
coordinator-in-chief 151–2; executive
departments 196–8; Executive
Office 161; foreign policy 259–80;
independent regulatory commissions
198–200; impeachment 153, 154,
170, 177, 211, 231; the ‘Imperial
Presidency’ 236; leadership 154–7;
legislative role 121–2; line item veto
140; and media 156; nominating
power 226–8; parameters of power
171–5; as party leader 152 154–7;
pocket veto 139; political functions
149–52; powers of 152–3, 171–5,
177–80; press conferences 156; Steel
Seizure Case 217–18; success rate
124–5; Twenty-Second Amendment
176–7; veto power 139–41; war power
262–71; White House Office 162–5,
180, 192; see also elections
Presidential Election Campaign Fund
101
press, freedom of 189–91
press conferences 156–7
pressure groups see interest groups
primary elections 75–82
Progressive Labor Movement 66
Progressive Party 45
Project for a New American Century
53, 269
Public Broadcasting Act ( 1967) 184
Public Citizen Foundation 114
public interest and cause groups 114–15
Puerto Rico 11, 13, 63, 222, 260radio 183–5
Radio Act (1927) 183
Rasul, Shafiq 253
Rasul v. Bush (2004) 253
Rayburn, Speaker Sam 137
Reagan, Nancy 240
Reagan, President Ronald 40, 163,
165; assassination attempt 67, 240;
and budget 143–4; and cabinet
government 165; conservatism 51;
election of 1980 25–6, 36–7, 39, 72;
election of 1984 24, 31; Grenada 263;
and Iran–Contra Affair 154, 163, 180,
192, 264; line-item veto 140; New
Federalism 244; success rate 125; and
Supreme Court 227, 230, 231–2
recall 42–3
referendum 42–3
Regulation of Lobbying Act (1946) 117
Rehnquist, Chief Justice William 212,
230, 231
Reichly, James 52
religion 35–7; and Moral Majority 36
religiosity 37
Reorganization Act (1939) 161, 206
Resolution on the War in Cambodia 262
revenue-sharing 6
Reynolds v. Sims (1964) 216
Rice, Condoleeza 261
Ridge, Tom 255
Roberts, Chief Justice John G. 227, 231
Roberts, Justice Owen 220
Robertson, Pat 54, 185
Robinson v. California (1962) 230
Rockefeller, Vice-President Nelson 78,
81, 86, 98,166
Roe v. Wade (1973) 216–19, 228
Roper v. Simmons (2005) 250
Roosevelt, President Franklin Delano:
and administrative structure 196,
199; election of 1932 23; election
of 1936 24, 31; election of 1944 84;
and Executive Office 161; executive
agreements 173; media 192; and
fireside chats 156, 182, 184; and