Frum, David, ‘‘A Harvard Plan for the Working Class
Man,’’ inHow We Got Here: The ’70s, the Decade that
Brought You Modern Life for Better or for Worse, Basic
Books, 2000, pp. 252–64.
Giddings, Paula, ‘‘Introduction,’’ inCotton Candy on a Rainy
Day, by Nikki Giovanni, William Morrow, 1978, pp. 12–13.
Giovanni, Nikki, ‘‘An Answer to Some Questions on
How I Write: In Three Parts,’’ inBlack Women Writers
(1950–1980): A Critical Evaluation, edited by Mari
Evans, Anchor, 1984, pp. 207, 209, 210.
———,Racism 101, William Morrow, 1994, pp. 140–141.
———, ‘‘Winter,’’ inThe Selected Poems of Nikki Gio-
vanni, William Morrow, 1978, p. 226.
———, and Claudia Tate, ‘‘An Interview,’’ inConversa-
tions with Nikki Giovanni, edited by Virginia C. Fowler,
University Press of Mississippi, 1992, p. 144, originally
published inBlack Women Writers at Work, by Claudia
Tate, Continuum, 1983, pp. 60–78.
Gould, Stephen Jay, ‘‘A Wolf at the Door: Environmen-
talism Becomes an Imperative,’’ inThe 20th Century,
edited by Lorraine Glennon, JG Press, 1999, pp. 510–15.
Harmon, William, and Hugh Holman,A Handbook to
Literature, 11th ed., Pearson Prentice Hall, 2009, pp. 14,
241, 324–25.
‘‘Income Stable, Poverty Up, Numbers of Americans
with and without Health Insurance Rise, Census Bureau
Reports,’’ http://www.census.gov/Press-Release/www/
releases/archives/income_wealth/002484.html (accessed
September 2, 2009).
‘‘Information Center the North Dakota Farm Bureau,’’
http://www.ndfb.org/news/detail.asp?newsID=1291
(accessed September 2, 2009).
Jennings, Peter, and Todd Brewster, ‘‘Years of Doubt
1969–1981,’’ inThe Century, Doubleday, 1998, pp. 424–63.
Lund, Elizabeth, ‘‘Nikki Giovanni and Charles Bukow-
ski: New Collections from Poetry’s Icons,’’ in theChris-
tian Science Monitor, April 17, 2007, p. 13.
Odell, Digger, ‘‘Drops of Life: A Look at the Use of
Religion in the Promotion of Patent Medicines,’’ http://
http://www.bottlebooks.com/FatherJohn/a_product_ofdivine
inspiration.htm (accessed August 28, 2009).
Petrovan, Silviu, ‘‘Endangered Species,’’ inVivid, June–
July 2005; http://www.vivid.ro/vivid73/pages73/endan
geredspecies73.htm (accessed September 2, 2009).
‘‘Read Any Good Books Lately?’’ in theNew York Times,
June 3, 2007, p. 8.
Trager, James,The People’s Chronology, Henry Holt,
1992, pp. 1027, 1043.
Further Reading
Andrews, Ted,Animal-Speak: The Spiritual & Magical
Powers of Creatures Great & Small, Llewellyn, 1996.
This book provides information about animals
and how they live and communicate and how
people can understand and connect with ani-
mals. The author offers a Native American
approach to animals as totems for humans
and includes a large dictionary to help readers
find the animal totem with the strongest con-
nection to the reader’s life.
Burnim, Mellonee V., ed.,African-American Music: An
Introduction, Routledge 2005.
This book presents thirty essays that explore
the various genres of African American music,
including the music of slavery and religious
hymns, both of which are interests of Giovanni
and provide topics of some of her poetry.
Halfpenny, James C.,Winter: An Ecological Handbook,
Johnson, 1989.
Halfpenny explores the physical and ecological
demands of winter and its effect on animals and
humans. The author explains how to survive in
the cold and offers suggestions for having fun,
as well as suggesting ways to study winter
ecology.
Jago, Carol,Nikki Giovanni in the Classroom: The Same
Old Danger but a Brand New Pleasure, National Council
of Teachers of English, 1999.
This book provides a number of suggestions
for how to use Giovanni’s poetry in the
classroom. The author includes a number
of Giovanni’s poems and excerpts from sev-
eral of her essays, along with suggestions
about how to get students involved in Gio-
vanni’s poetry.
Josephson, Judith Pinkerton,Nikki Giovanni: Poet of the
People, Enslow, 2000.
This biography is designed for middle-school
students. The author provides information
about Giovanni’s life, from her childhood to
her adulthood and role as an established poet.
Several of Giovanni’s poems are also included.
Patton, Sharon F.,African-American Art, Oxford Uni-
versity press, 1998.
This book includes information about the
artistic achievements of African Americans,
including art from the 1800s and 1900s created
by both slaves and freemen.
Rouse, Andy,Animal Portraits, David & Charles, 2006.
This beautiful book is filled with portraits of
animals, many of which were taken of animals
in their natural habitat.
Sielman, Martha,Masters: Art Quilts: Major Works by
Leading Artists, Lark, 2008.
The author presents the works of forty artists,
whose quilts have been designated as art. In
addition to the photographs of the quilts, the
author includes information about materials
and techniques.Winter