The Dictionary of Human Geography

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supported by the military–industrial complex,

in efforts to create advanced soldiers (Gray,

1995, 2003). The figure of the cyborg is

thus often used to highlight the powerful

myths of technology and humanity, and the

investments in them by medical and military

discourse. mc

Suggested reading

Gray (1995, 2003); Haraway (1997).

cycle of poverty The idea thatpovertyand

deprivation are transmitted from one gener-

ation to the next. The work of Oscar Lewis

in the 1960s (see Lewis, 1969b) presented the

victims of poverty as the authors of their own

misfortune. Members of poor families were

said to place little value on education, hard

work or sexual responsibility. The empirical

evidence for this behavioural view of poverty

is slight, although it feeds into talk of an

underclass. Other poverty cycle models pay

more attention toneighbourhood effects

(bad schools, lack of jobs, danger), or the

determining effects of social divisions struc-

tured aroundclass,genderandrace. sco

Suggested reading

Wilson (1990).

Gregory / The Dictionary of Human Geography 9781405132879_4_C Final Proof page 141 31.3.2009 9:45pm

CYCLE OF POVERTY