The Essentials of Biostatistics for Physicians, Nurses, and Clinicians

212 Subject Index

Continuous data 34

Control group 76

Controlled clinical trials 11, 12, 14

Convenience sample 32

Correlation matrix 87

Cox proportional hazard models 139,

170, 174

Cross-over design ix

Cross-sectional studies 1, 13, 14

Cross-tabulation 127

Cumulative survival probability

161

Cure rate models 171, 173, 174

Cutler-Ederer method 162

Degrees of freedom 75, 100, 103

Density function 168

Dichotomous 18

Distribution 44

Discrete data 34

Double-blind randomized controlled

trial 84

Econometrics 2

Effi ciency 62, 104

Efron’s percentile method

Election polls 11

Elliptical contours 153

Empirical distribution 66, 67

Empirical rule 49

Epidemiological studies 11

Equality of variances 148

Equivalence 84

Estimate 18

Expected frequencies 128

Exponential cure rate model 172, 173,

174

Exponential distribution 59

FDA 4, 18, 76, 88

Fisher’s combination test 88

Fisher’s exact test 127, 133, 136,

144, 145

Forecasting 2

Frequency histogram 35

F test 148

Gamma distribution 59

Gauss-Markov theorem 111

Generalized linear model 119

Geometric mean 42

Gosset 52

Greenwood’s approximation 5, 14

Group sequential methods ix, 1

Harmonic mean 42

Hazard function 168

Hazard ratio ix, 140

Hyperbolic contours 153

Hypergeometric distribution 133, 145

Incomplete observations 160

Infl uence 105, 153

Independent identically distributed 49

Interaction term 114

Intercept 101

Interquartile range 47

Kaplan-Meier curves ix, 5, 14, 16, 164,

168, 171, 173, 174

Karl Pearson 129

Least squares estimates 101, 111

Left-skewed distribution 50

Leverage point 105

Life table 160, 161, 162, 173

Likelihood function 119

Logistic regression 95, 96, 117, 118,

119, 120, 121, 122

Logit transformation 118

Log rank statistic 174

Log rank test ix, 166

Longitudinal data 1

Longitudinal data analysis 86, 87

Mann-Whitney test 146

Margin 84

Maximum likelihood estimate 62, 111,

112

McNemar’s test 136, 137,138

Mean 111, 145

Mean absolute deviation 47, 49

Mean square error 49, 62

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