References 265
Motley, M. (1980). Verification of “Freudian slips” and semantically
prearticulatory editing via laboratory-induced spoonerisms. In
V. Fromkin (Ed.), Errors in linguistic performance: Slips of the
tongue, ear, pen, and hand(pp. 133–147). New York: Academic
Press.
Mowrey, R., & MacKay, I. (1990). Phonological primitives: Elec-
tromyographic speech error evidence. Journal of the Acoustical
Society of America, 88,1299–1312.
Nearey, T. (1997). Speech perception as pattern recognition. Journal
of the Acoustical Society of America, 101,3241–3254.
Newman, R., Sawusch, J., & Luce, P. (1997). Lexical neighbor-
hood effects in phonemic processing. Journal of Exper-
imental Psychology: Human Perception and Performance, 23,
873–889.
Norris, D. (1993). Bottom up connectionist models of “interaction.”
In G. Altmann & R. Shillcock (Eds.), Cognitive models of speech
processing: The second Sperlonga meeting (pp. 211–234).
Hillsdale, NJ: Lawrence Erlbaum.
Norris, D. (1994). Shortlist: A connectionist model of continuous
word recognition. Cognition, 52,189–234.
Norris, D. (1995). Signal detection theory and modularity: On being
sensitive to the power of bias models of semantic priming.
Journal of Experimental Psychology: Human Perception and
Performance, 21,935–939.
Norris, D., McQueen, J., & Cutler, A. (1999). Merging information
in speech recognition: Feedback is never necessary. Behavioral
and Brain Sciences, 23,299–370.
Ohala, J. (1996). Listeners hear sounds not tongues. Journal of the
Acoustical Society of America, 99,1718–1728.
Ohman, S. (1966). Coarticulation in VCV utterances: Spectro-
graphic measurements. JASA, 39,151–168.
Orden, G. van, Pennington, B., & Stone, G. (1990). Word identifica-
tion in reading and the promise of subsymbolic psycholinguis-
tics.Psychological Review, 97,488–522.
Pardo, J., & Fowler, C. A. (1997). Perceiving the causes of coartic-
ulatory acoustic variation: Consonant voicing and vowel pitch.
Perception & Psychophysics,59,1141–1152.
Parker, E. M., Diehl, R. L., & Kluender, K. R. (1986). Trading rela-
tions in speech and nonspeech. Perception & Psychophysics, 39,
129–142.
Perkell, J., Matthies, M., Svirsky, M., & Jordan, M. (1993). Trading
relations between tongue-body raising and lip rounding in pro-
duction of the vowel /u/: A pilot “motor equivalence” study.
Journal of the Acoustical Society of America, 93,2948–2961.
Pinker, S. (1994).The language instinct.New York: William Morrow.
Pisoni, D. B., & Tash, J. (1974). Reaction times to comparisons
within and across phonetic boundaries. Perception & Psy-
chophysics, 15,285–290.
Pitt, M., & McQueen, J. (1998). Is compensation for coarticulation
mediated by the lexicon? Journal of Memory and Language, 39,
347–370.
Porter, R., & Castellanos, F. X. (1980). Speech production measures
of speech perception: Rapid shadowing of VCV syllables.
Journal of the Acoustical Society of America, 67,1349–1356.
Porter, R., & Lubker, J. (1980). Rapid reproduction of vowel-vowel
sequences: Evidence for a fast and direct acoustic-motoric link-
age.Journal of Speech and Hearing Research, 23,593–602.
Prince, A., & Smolensky, P. (1993). Optimality theory: Constraint
interaction and satisfaction. Unpublished manuscript, Rutgers
University, New Brunswick, NJ, University of Colorado,
Boulder.
Pulleyblank, D. (1997). Optimality theory and features. In D.
Archangeli & D. T. Langendoen (Eds.), Optimality theory: An
overview(pp. 59–101). Malden, MA: Blackwell.
Recasens, D. (1984). V-to-C coarticulation in Catalan VCV
sequences: An articulatory and acoustical study. Journal of
Phonetics, 12, 61–73.
Roelofs, A., & Meyer, A. (1998). Metrical structure in planning the
production of spoken words. Journal of Experimental Psychol-
ogy: Learning, Memory and Cognition, 24,922–939.
Rosenblum, L. D. (1987). Towards an ecological alternative to the
motor theory. Perceiving-acting workshop, 2,25–28.
Ryle, G. (1949). The concept of mind. New York: Barnes and Noble.
Saltzman, E. (1991). The task dynamic model in speech production.
In H. F. M. Peters, W. Hulstijn, & C. W. Starkweather (Eds.),
Speech motor control and stuttering(pp. 37–52). Amsterdam:
Elsevier Science.
Saltzman, E. (1995). Intergestural timing in speech production: Data
and modeling. Proceedings of the XIIIth International Congress
of Phonetic Sciences, Stockholm, 2,84–88.
Saltzman, E., & Byrd, D. (1999). Dynamic simulations of a phase
window model of relative timing. Proceedings of the XIVth
International Congress of Phonetic Sciences, San Francisco, 3,
2275–2278.
Samuel, A. (1981). Phonemic restoration: Insights for a new
methodology. Journal of Experimental Psychology: General,
110,474–494.
Samuel, A. (1996). Does lexical information influence the percep-
tual restoration of phonemes. Journal of Experimental Psychol-
ogy: General, 125,28–51.
Samuel, A. (2000). Some empirical tests of Merge’s architecture. In
A. Cutler, J. McQueen, & R. Zondervan (Eds.), Proceedings of
the workshop on spoken word access processes(pp. 51–54).
Nijmegen: Max-Planck-Institute for Psycholinguistics.
Santiago, J., & MacKay, D. G. (1999). Constraining production the-
ories: Principled motivation, consistency, homunculi, under-
specification, failed predictions and contrary data. Behavioral
and Brain Sciences, 22,55–56.
Savariaux, C., Perrier, P., & Orliaguet, J. P. (1995). Compensation
strategies for the perturbation of the rounded vowel [u] using a
lip tube: A study of the control space in speech production.
Journal of the Acoustical Society of America, 98,2428–2442.