Political Modernity 87- For accounts of Iranian politics, society, and religion from the later nineteenth
century, see Keddie (1966, 1972), Algar (1969) and Martin (1989). - On the politics of the Mossadegh era, see Abrahamian (1982: 261–80) and
Katouzian (1999) - For accounts of this episode, see Algar (1972) and Moin (1999).
- There is a vast literature on the Iranian Revolution and the Islamic Republic. See
particularly Keddie (1981), Arjomand (1988), Abrahamian (1993) and Zubaida
(1993: 1–63). - See Batatu (1978: 709–925), Farouk-Sluglett and Sluglett (1990) and Zubaida
(1991). - See also Ismail (2006), for a study of popular and informal politics in modern Cairo.
- For an expansion of this typology of Islamism, see Zubaida (2000).
- The main account of the formation and development of the Muslim Brotherhood
is Mitchell (1969). For subsequent developments, see Kepel (2002: 43–80, 276–
98). - This claim was made forcefully by Olivier Roy as early as 1994 in his The Failure
of Political Islam, and it was further developed by Roy (2004). - There is a voluminous literature on jihadism and the ‘war on terror’; Roy (2004:
290–325) is one of the most cogent and informative; see also Jason Burke (2003). - For France, see the study by the International Crisis Group (2006), which suggests
that a secular outlook is still dominant among Muslims in France (p. 5).
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