Colburn WA. 1995. ‘Clinical markers and endpoints in
bioequivalence assessment’.Drug Inf. J. 29 : 917.
Curry SH. 1980.Drug Disposition and Pharmacoki-
netics, 3rd edn. Blackwell Scientific: Oxford.
Curry SH, Chu P, Baumgartner TG, Stacpoole PW.
- ‘Plasma concentrations and metabolic effects
of intravenous sodium dichloroacetate’.Clin. Phar-
macol. Ther. 37 : 89–93.
Dahlstrom B, Paalzow LK, Segre G, et al. 1978.
‘Relation between morphine pharmacokinetics and
analgesia’.J. Pharmacokinet. Biopharm. 6 : 41.
Danhof M, Mandema JW. 1995. ‘Modeling of relation-
ships between pharmacokinetics and pharma-
codynamics’. InPharmacokinetics: Regulatory—
Industrial—Academic Perspectives, Welling PG,
Tse FLS (eds), 2nd edn. Marcel Dekker: New York;
139–194.
Dayneka NL, Garg V, Jusko W. 1993. ‘Comparison of
four basic models of indirect pharmacodynamic
responses’.J. Pharmacokinet. Biopharm. 21 : 457.
Derendorf H, Hochhaus G (eds). 1995.Pharmacokinetic/
Pharmacodynamic Correlation. CRC Press: Boca
Raton, FL.
Fox AW, Sullivan BW, Buffini JD,et al. 1996. ‘Reduc-
tion of serum lactate by sodium dichloroacetate, and
human pharmacok9inetic-pharmacodynamic rela-
tionships’.J. Pharmacol. Exp. Ther. 279 : 686–693.
Freireich EJ, Gehan EA, Rall DP,et al. 1966. ‘Quanti-
tative comparison of toxicity of anticancer agents in
mouse, rat, hamster, dog, monkey and man’.Cancer
Chemother. Rep.50: 219–240.
GabrielssonJ,WeinerD.1997.Pharmacokinetic and Pha-
rmacodynamic Data Analysis: Concepts and Applica-
tions, 2nd edn. Apotekarsocieteten: Stockholm.
Gibaldi M, Perrier D. 1982.Pharmacokinetics, 2nd edn.
Marcel Dekker: New York; 231–232.
Hawkins RD, Kalant H. 1972. ‘The metabolism of
ethanol and its metabolic effects’. Pharmacol.
Rev. 24 : 242–249.
Houston JB. 1994. ‘Utility ofin vitrodrug metabolism
data in predicting in vivo metabolic clearance’.
Biochem. Pharmacol. 47 : 1469–1479.
Ings RMJ. 1990. Interspecies scaling and comparisons
in drug development and toxicokinetics.Xenobio-
tica 20 : 1201–1231.
Iwatsubo T, Hirota N, Ooie T,et al. 1996. ‘Prediction of
in vivodrug disposition fromin vitrodata based on
physiological pharmacokinetics’.Biopharm. Drug
Dispos. 17 : 273–310.
Jenkinson DH, Barnard EA, Hoyer D,et al. 1995. ‘Inter-
national union of pharmacology committee on recep-
tor nomenclature and drug classification. IX.
Recommendations on terms and symbols in quanti-
tative pharmacology’.Pharmacol. Rev. 47 : 225.
Jusko WJ. 1971. ‘Pharmacodynamics of chemothera-
peutic effects: dose–time response relationships for
phase-non-specific agents’.J. Pharm. Sci. 60 : 892.
Lesko LJ, Williams RL. 1994. ‘Regulatory perspec-
tives: the role of pharmacokinetics and pharmaco-
dynamics’. In Pharmacodynamics and Drug
Development: Perspectives in Clinical Pharmacol-
ogy, Cutler NR, Sramek JJ, Narang PK (eds), 1st edn.
John Wiley & Sons, Ltd: Chichester.
Levy G. 1964. ‘Relationship between elimination rate
of drugs and rate of decline of their pharmacologic
effects’.J. Pharm. Sci. 53 : 342.
Levy G. 1993. ‘The case for preclinical pharmacody-
namics’. InIntegration of Pharmacokinetics, Phar-
macodynamics, and Toxicokinetics in Rational Drug
Development, Yacobi A, Shah VP, Skelley JP, Benet
LZ (eds). Plenum Press: New York.
Levy G. 1994. ‘Mechanism-based pharmacodynamic
modeling’.Clin. Pharmacol. Ther. 56 : 356.
Levy G. 1966. ‘Kinetics of pharmacological effects’.
Clin. Pharmacol. Ther. 7 : 362.
Levy G, Nelson E. 1965. ‘Theoretical relationship
between dose, elimination rate and duration of
pharmacological effect of drugs’.J. Pharm. Sci.
54 : 872.
Meyer UA. 1994. ‘The molecular basis of genetic
polymorphisms of drug metabolism’. J. Pharm.
Pharmacol. 46 (Suppl. 1): 409–415.
Minneman KP, Fox AW, Abel PA. 1983. ‘Occupancy of
a-adrenergic receptors and contraction of rat vas
deferens’.Mol. Pharmacol. 23 : 359–368.
Murphy J, Casey W, Lasagna L. 1961. ‘The effect of
dosing regimen on the diuretic efficacy of chlor-
othiazide in human subjects’.J. Pharmacol. Exp.
Ther. 134 : 286.
Nagashima R, O’Reilly RA, Levy G. 1969. ‘Kinetics of
pharmacologic effects in man: the anticoagulant
action of warfarin’.Clin. Pharmacol. Ther. 10 : 22.
Obach RS. 1996a. ‘Prediction of human pharma-
cokinetics usingin vitro–in vivocorrelations’. In
Pharmacokinetic/Pharmacodynamic Analysis:
Accelerating Drug Discovery and Development,
Schlegel J (ed.). Biomedical Library Series. Inter-
national Business Communications: Southborough,
MA.
Obach RS. 1996b. ‘The importance of nonspecific
binding in vitro matrices, its impact on kinetic
studies of drug metabolism reactions, and implica-
tions forin vitro–in vivocorrelations’.Drug Metab.
Dispos. 24 : 1047–1049.
REFERENCES 99