The Internet Encyclopedia (Volume 3)

P1: IML

WL040-Index WL040/Bidgolio-Vol I WL040-Sample.cls September 15, 2003 8:59 Char Count= 0

INDEX 897

Asymmetric encryption,V1:693;V3: 266

Asynchronous communication,V1:669;

V2:302.See alsoAsynchronous

messaging; Asynchronous Transfer

Mode (ATM)

tools for,V1: 554

virtual teams and,V3: 604

Asynchronous groupware,V2:66, 68

Asynchronous Learning Networks (ALNs),

V1: 552

Asynchronous messaging,V1: 661

Asynchronous Transfer Mode (ATM),

V1:183;V2:181, 188–189, 245;

V3:172–173, 324, 426, 783–784.

See alsoATM Forum

modeling,V1:178–179

wireless networks with,V3:826 –829

ATM Forum,V3: 322

Atomic, Consistent, Isolation, Durable

(ACID) requirements,V1:375, 382

Attached Resource Computer Network

(ARCNet) protocols,V1:262, 266

Attacker in the middle,V1: 527

Attackers:

identifying,V2: 331

prosecuting,V1:244, 246, 331

sanctions against,V1: 245

Attacks.See alsoDenial-of-Service

(DoS) attacks; Distributed

Denial-of-Service (DDoS) attacks

ISP efforts to stop,V2:331–332

protection against,V1: 245

response to,V1:244 –245

types of,V1:427– 428

Attenuation,V3:125, 126

Attribute selectors,V1: 158

Auction business model,V1:124, 131

Auctions,V1:276, 288, 292.See alsoB2B

auctions; B2C auctions; Bid shielding;

Online auctions

bidding rules for,V2:710 –711

fraud in,V1:331–332

history of,V2:709–710

major,V2:700, 701

managers of,V2: 712

real estate,V3: 196

software for,V2: 710

supply chain management and,V3: 371

types of,V1: 678

Auction systems,V2:715–717

Audio.See alsoSpeech/audio

compression; Voice signals

books,V2: 791

coding standards for,V3: 316

collaborative virtual reality and,V3: 595

compression algorithms for,V3: 560

editors,V2: 653

files,V1:512–513, 820, 822–823

interactivity applications,V2: 656

in multimedia,V2:652–654

streaming,V2:502;V3: 318

Audio block, BluetoothTM,V1:89–90

Audio-video communications,V2: 71

Audiovisual services,V3: 88

Audit Data Analysis and Mining (ADAM),

V2: 358

Auditing, W2K,V3:798–799

Augmented reality,V1: 558

AU/SND audio files,V1: 822

Authenticated sessions,V1: 530

Authentication,V1:48–56;V2: 332

biometric,V1:

extranet,V1: 798

host,V1:52–55

Internet,V1: 49

Kerberos,V1: 54

key-based,V1: 526

message-by-message,V2:321–322

types of,V3:1–2

Web,V1:49–52

Authentication data,V1:531, 533

Authentication Header (AH),V3: 586

Authentication passwords, history of,

V3:2–3

Authentication services,V1: 500

custom,V1: 55

Authoring tools, accessibility and,V3: 489

Authoritative Web pages,V2:530;

V3:742–743

Authorization,V1: 55

Autobytel,V1: 133

Automated Clearing Houses (ACHs),

V1:624 –625

Automated RFQs,V1: 123

Automatic Fingerprint Identification

Systems (AFIS),V1: 79

Automobile manufacturers,

click-and-brick,V1:191–192

Automotive applications, BluetoothTM,

V1: 88

Autonomous System (AS),V2: 255

Auto-responders,V2: 280

Availability:

design principles for,V1: 149

measuring,V1:148–149

modeling,V1:148–149

specifying,V1: 148

Available Bit Rate (ABR),V3: 173

Avatars,V1:558;V3:593–595

AVG antiviral scanner,V1: 250

AVI files,V1: 823

Avocation communities, online,

V2: 738

Awareness training, physical security and,

V3:78–79

B2B auctions,V2: 699

B2B e-commerce,V1:716, 804.See also

Business-to-Business (B2B)

e-commerce

banking-related solutions in,V2:728–729

electronic fund transfers in,V1: 632

electronic hubs for,V1:603, 610

electronic marketplaces in,V1: 603

information quality in,V2:165–166

intelligent agents and,V2: 193

selling in,V1: 685

transactions in,V1:646, 657;V2: 604

B2C auctions,V2: 699

B2C companies,V1:96, 98, 104

B2C e-commerce.See also

Business-to-Consumer (B2C)

e-commerce

banking-related solutions in,V2: 728

information quality in,V2: 165

Internet business models for,

V1:129–137, 804

strategy for,V1:135–136

transactions in,V2: 604

Background checks,V2: 153

Background sounds,V2: 652

Back office applications,V2: 396

Back-propagation network,V2:357–358

Backup and recovery,V1:541–543.

See alsoBackups

for Web-based hosting services,V1: 545

Backups,V2:525;V3:77.See alsoBackup

and recovery

in disaster recovery planning,

V1:541–543

tapes for,V1: 245

types of,V1:542–543

Balanced scorecard,V1:213, 215

Bandpass,V1:460, 462, 466

Bandwidth,V1:183, 261, 271, 490

digital communication and,V1:460 – 461

e-businesses and,V1: 103

IEEE specifications for,V1: 265

limitation of,V1: 298

multiplexing and,V2:669, 673

video streaming and,V3:557–558

for virtual private networks,V3: 580

Web-based training and,V3:667–668

Bandwidth costs, colocation and,V3: 706

Bank account information, accessing,

V2:723–724

Banking,V2:720 –732.See alsoBanking

products/services; Banks

applications for,V2:294 –295

click-and-brick,V1: 192

cross-selling of banking products,

V2:727–728

e-commerce solutions and tools related

to,V2:728–729

future of,V2:730 –731

information sources concerning,

V2:721–723

mobile,V2: 617

online shopping/e-procurement and,

V2:729–730

origin of online,V2: 721

PC-based,V2: 721

Banking industry, changes in,V1: 107

Banking products/services:

analysis of,V1: 409

for corporations,V2:726 –727

for individuals,V2:723–725

selling,V1: 287

for small businesses,V2:725–726

Banking records, privacy of,V3: 98

Bank Internet Payments System (BIPS),

V1: 642

Bank-mediated payments,V1:641–642

Banks.See alsoBanking

click-and-brick,V1: 188

international,V2: 237

Banner ads,V1:815, 816;V2:565–566

Bar code labels,V1: 627

Bartering,V1:124, 128, 681

Baseband,V1:183, 261, 460, 462, 466

signal,V1: 266

Baseband controller, BluetoothTM,V1: 89

Base business case, in

return-on-investment analysis,

V3:217–218, 219

Base class library,V1: 7

Baseline systems,V3: 249

BASIC language,V1:230 –231;V3: 608

Basic Rate Service (BRI),V2:182–183,

183–184