The Internet Encyclopedia (Volume 3)

P1: IML

WL040-Index WL040/Bidgolio-Vol I WL040-Sample.cls September 15, 2003 8:59 Char Count= 0

INDEX 927

Online Transaction Processing (OLTP),

V1: 423

systems,V2:685, 686

Online transactions, types and measures

of,V1:480 – 481

Online universities,V1: 555

On-Off Keying (OOK),V1: 462

Open Archives Initiative (OAI),V1: 521

Open Content,V1: 519

Open Course Ware project (MIT),V1: 439

Open Database Connectivity (ODBC),

V1:25, 34, 118, 378.See alsoODBC

entries

Open Financial Exchange (OFX),V3: 869

Open GIS Consortium (OGC),V2: 33

Open Knowledge Initiative (OKI),V1: 439

Open Mobile Alliance (OMA),V2: 625

Open Network Computing Remote

Procedure Call (ONCRPC),V1: 198

Open racks,V3:705–706

Open Shortest Path First (OSPF)

algorithm,V3: 834

Open Shortest Path First protocol,V2: 255

Open source,V2:824 –825

C/C++ programs,V1: 173

defined,V2:819–820

origins of,V2:820 –823

software,V2:826 –827

Open source development,V2:819–831,

825.See alsoOpen standards

movement

economics of,V2:825–827

intellectual property and,V2:828–829

management choices and,V2: 829

Unix, open source, and Linux,

V2:823–825

Open Source Licensing (OSL),V2:819,

826, 827, 829–830

Open Source movement,V1: 174

software from,V1: 521

Open standards movement,V2:827–828

Open System Interconnection (OSI)

model,V3:263–265, 424 – 425,

817–818.See alsoOSI reference model

“Open university,”V1: 551

Operasoft Opera,V3: 478

Operating environments,V2:487– 488

Operating Resource Management (ORM)

activities,V1: 658

Operating Systems (OSs),V1:368;

V2:486 – 488.See alsoClient/server

computing; GNU operating system;

Java entries; Linux operating system;

Main frame/thin client network

operating system; Mobile operating

systems; P2P entries; Peer-to-Peer

(P2P) systems; System entries; Unix

operating systems; Windows entries

attacks against,V1: 329

failure of,V1: 536

Operating systems solutions, Web quality

of service and,V3:713–714

Operational cost estimates,V1:583–586

Operational testing, in biometric

authentication,V1:76 –77

Operations:

e-commerce,V1: 186

effectiveness of,V3: 408

intranets and,V2: 347

management of,V2: 835

strategy of,V1:721–722

supply chain management,V3:368–369

Operators, Perl,V3:38–39

Optical cables,V1:178.See alsoCable;

Fiber entries; Fibre entries; Optical

fiber systems

Optical Character Recognition (OCR)

software,V1: 519

Optical fiber systems,V3:778–779

Optical technologies,V1: 236

wireless systems with,V3: 132

Optimistic lock type,V1:30, 34

Optimization, supply chain management

and,V3:392–394

“Opt In”/“Opt Out” policies,V1: 351

Oracle Corporation,V1: 712

XML parser from,V1: 739

Orange Book,V3: 2

Order aggregation model,V1:124, 128

Order up-to rule,V2: 372

Ordinations, online,V2: 807

Organizational applications, of Internet

relay chat,V2: 318

Organizational Breakdown Structure

(OBS),V3: 115

Organizational extranets,V1:796 –800

Organizational–public relationships,

V2:775–777

quality of,V2: 782

Organizational Units (OUs), W2K,V3: 797

Organization for Economic Co-operation

and Development (OECD),V1: 64

Privacy Guidelines from,V2:222–223

Organization for the Advancement of

Structured Information Standards

(OASIS),V1: 497

Organizations.See alsoNonprofit

organizations

competitive environment of,

V2:836 –837

customer care innovation and,

V2:837–838

cybersecurity for,V1: 366

e-commerce management by,

V2:833–836

impact of,V2:832–840

impact of digital economy on,

V2:832–840

redesign of,V2: 836

resources of,V1: 195

responsibility of,V2: 839

telecommuting and,V3:444 – 445

Organizing Medical Networked

Information (OMNI),V1: 516

Original Equipment Manufacturer (OEM),

V1: 685

OSHA compliance monitoring,

V3:243–244

OSI reference model,V1:202, 177, 178,

184.See alsoOpen Systems

Interconnection (OSI) model

for internetworking,V3:322–323

Out-of-band channel,V1: 50

Outside Sales Representatives (OSRs),

V1: 191

Outsourcing,V1:100, 213;V2:233–234

as a business concept,V1:39– 40

of extranets,V1: 800

fulfillment,V1: 813

IT,V1: 243

of manufacturing tasks,V2: 552

risk transfer and,V1: 541

Overhead, in multiplexing,V2: 669

Ownership, access versus,V2: 484

Oxford University Bodleian Library,

V1: 512

P2P connection,V3:777.See also

Peer-to-Peer (P2P) systems

P2P file sharing,V3: 304

Packet filtering,V1: 431

firewalls,V1: 833

gateways,V1: 839

routers,V1: 836

Packet forwarding,V2:506 –507

Packet fragmentation attacks,

V1:428– 429, 433

Packet loss,V3: 657

Packet networks, compression for,

V3:308–309

Packet rewriting,V2: 506

Packets,V1:178, 184, 271

Packet switching,V1:176 –184;V2:116;

V3: 782

efficiency of,V1:180 –182

Packet tunneling,V2: 507

Packing lists,V2: 238

Padding,V1: 163

PageGather algorithm,V2: 532

Page layout, in Web site design,V3: 773

PageRank method,V2: 529

Web searching via,V3:741–742

Page scan state,V1: 93

Page sequence flows,V1:776, 780

Painting,V2: 647

Palladium,V1: 502

PalmBooks,V1: 517

Palm mobile devices,V2:629–630

Palm Operating System (Palm OS),

V2:635, 636 –637

Papers, benchmarking-related,V1:57.See

alsoJournals; Magazines; Publications

Parallel computing,V3: 27

Parent,V1: 163

Parsed Character Data (PCDATA),V1: 736

Parsers.See alsoParsing

choosing,V1:740 –741

validating and nonvalidating,V1: 739

XML,V1:734, 739–743

Parsing,V1:741–743

Partitioning algorithms, for clustering,

V1: 404

Partnerships:

strategic alliances and,V3: 341

supply network,V3:405– 406

Partner trust, in supply chain

management,V3: 370

Passport authentication,V1: 51

Passport Manager,V1: 502

Password calculators, once-only,

V1:627–628

Passwords,V1:48– 49;V2:82;V3:1–13.

See alsoAuthentication passwords

authentication of,V1: 53

cracking times for,V3: 9

cracking tools for,V1:256, 328, 333, 334;

V3:4–6

e-banking and,V1: 628

encryption and,V1:689–690

lengths of,V3:9–10