Problems 83
following products: Pepsi or Coke bottles, aspirin
bottles, shampoo bottles, mouthwash bottles, liquid
cleaning containers, hand lotion containers, aftershave
bottles, ketchup or mustard bottles. Discuss what you
think are important design parameters. Discuss the
advantages and disadvantages associated with each
design.
3.6. Mechanical clips are used to close bags and keep things
together. Investigate the design of various paper clips,
hair clips, and potato chip bag clips. Discuss what you
think are important design parameters. Discuss the
advantages and disadvantages associated with each of
three designs.
3.7. Discuss in detail at least two concepts (for example,
activities, processes, or methods) that can be employed
during busy hours to better serve customers at grocery
stores.
3.8. Discuss in detail at least two methods or procedures
that can be employed by airline companies to pick up
your luggage at your home and drop it off at your final
destination.
3.9. In the near future, NASA is planning to send a spaceship
with humans to Mars. Discuss important concerns and
issues that must be planned for on this trip. Investigate
and discuss issues such as how long it would take to go to
Mars and when the spaceship should be launched, con-
sidering that the distance between the earth and Mars
changes based on where they are in their respective orbits
around the sun. What type and how much food reserves
are needed for this trip? What type of exercise equipment
should be on board so muscles won’t atrophy on this long
trip? What should be done with the waste? What is the
energy requirement for such a trip? What do you think
are the important design parameters for such a trip? Write
a report discussing your findings.
3.10. You have been using pens and mechanical pencils for
many years now. Investigate the design of at least five
different pens and mechanical pencils. Discuss what
you think are important design parameters. Discuss the
advantage and disadvantage associated with each
design. Write a brief report explaining your findings.
3.11. This is an in-class design project. Given a 12 in.
12 in. aluminum sheet, design a boat that can hold as
many pennies as possible. What are some of the impor-
tant design parameters for this problem? Discuss them
among yourselves. You may want to choose a day inadvance on which to hold a competition to determine
the good designs.
3.12. This is an in-class design project. Given a bundle of drink-
ing straws and paper clips, design a bridge between two
chairs that are 18 in. apart. The bridge should be designed
to hold at least 3 lb. You may want to choose a day in
advance on which to hold a competition to determine the
design that carries maximum load. Discuss some of the
important design parameters for this problem.
3.13. Identify and make a list of at least ten products around
your home that are certified by the Underwriters
Laboratories.
3.14. Create a table showing hat sizes in the United States
and Europe.3.15. Create a table showing wrench sizes in metric and
U.S. units.
3.16. Obtain information about what the colors on an elec-
trical resistor mean. Create a table showing the electri-
cal resistor codes. Your table should have a column with
colors: Black, Brown, Red, Orange, Yellow, Green,
Blue, Violet, Gray, White, Gold, and Silver, and a col-
umn showing the values. Imagine that you are making
this table for others to use; therefore, include at least
two examples of how to read the codes on electrical
resistors at the bottom of your table.
3.17. Collect information on U.S. standard steel pipes
( in. to 20 in.). Create a table showing nominal size,
schedule number, inside diameter, outside diameter,
wall thickness, and cross-sectional area.
3.18. Collect information on the American Wire Gage
(AWG) standards. Create a table for annealed copper
wires showing the gage number, diameter in mils,
cross-sectional area, and resistance per 1000 ft.
3.19. Write a brief memo to your instructor explaining the
role and function of the U.S. Department of Trans-
portation (DOT).
3.20. Obtain information on the standard sign typefaces used
for highway signs in the United States. The Federal
Highway Administration publishes a set of standards
calledStandard Alphabets for Highway Signs. Write a
brief memo to your instructor explaining your findings.1
4
Continental 51 52 53...
U.S. 6 6 6 ...
1
2
3
8
1
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