Abstract This is a very important part of a report because readers often read this part first to
decide if they should read the report in detail. In the abstract, in complete but concise sen-
tences you state the precise objective, emphasize significant findings, and present conclusions
and /or recommendations.Objectives The purpose of the objectives section is to state what is to be investigated through
the performance of the experiment. Be sure to list your objectives explicitly (e.g., 1., 2., ...,
etc.).Theory and Analysis There are several purposes of the theory and analysis section:
- To state pertinent principles, laws, and equations (equations should be numbered);
- To present analytical models that will be used in the experiment;
- To define any unfamiliar terms or symbols; and
- To list important assumptions associated with the experimental design.
Apparatus and Experimental Procedures There are two main purposes of the apparatus and
experimental procedures section:- To present a list of apparatus and instrumentation to be used, including the instrument
ranges, least count, and identification numbers. - To describe how you performed the experiment. The procedure should be itemized (step 1.,
2., etc.) and a schematic or diagram of the instrument setup should be included.
Data and Results The purpose of this section is to present the results of the experiment, as
described in the stated objective, in a tabular and /or graphical form. These tables and graphs
show the results of all your efforts. Include descriptive information such astitles,column or row
headings,units,axis labels, anddata points(data points should be marked by , , , etc.). All
figures must be numbered and have a descriptive title. The figure number and the title should
be placed below the figure. All tables must be numbered and have a descriptive title as well.
However, for tables, the table number and the title should be placed above the table. It is some-
times necessary to note in this section that you have included the original data sheets in the
appendix to your report.Discussion of the Results The purpose of the results section is to emphasize and explain to the
reader the important results of the experiment and point out their significance. When applica-
ble, be sure to compare experimental results with theoretical calculations.Conclusions and Recommendations The conclusions and recommendations section compares
your objectives with your experimental results. Support your conclusions with appropriate ref-
erence materials. Be sure to state recommendations based on the conclusions.Appendix The appendix serves several purposes:
- To provide the reader with copies of all original data sheets, diagrams, and supplementary
notes.
98 Chapter 4 Engineering Communication
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