Engineering Fundamentals: An Introduction to Engineering, 4th ed.c

Appendix 685

conservation of mechanical energy:

¢KE¢PE¢EE 0

elastic energy

1

2

kx

2

change in potential energy¢PEmg¢h

kinetic energy

1

2

mV

2

electrical power: PVI

Ohm’s law: VRI

Coulomb’s law: F 12 

kq 1 q 2

r

2

conservation of energy — first law of thermodynamics:

standard deviation: s

R

a

n

i 1

1 xix 2

2

n 1

efficiency

actual output

required input

power

work

time



1 force 21 distance 2

time

or power

energy

time

QW¢E

The Greek Alphabet

A a alpha

B b beta

 g gamma

 d delta

E e epsilon

Z z zeta

H h eta

 u theta

I i iota

K k kappa

 l lambda

M m mu

N n nu

j xi

o omicron

p pi

P r rho

s sigma

T t tau

Y y upsilon

f phi

X x chi or khi

c psi

 v omega

g

Some Useful Trigonometric Relationships

Pythagorean relation:

cos a

adjacent

hypotenuse



b

c

sin b

opposite

hypotenuse



b

c

sin a

opposite

hypotenuse



a

c

a

2

b

2

c

2

The sine rule:

a

sin a



b

sin b



c

sin u

tan b

sin b

cos b



opposite

adjacent



b

a

tan a

sin a

cos a



opposite

adjacent



a

b

cos b

adjacent

hypotenuse



a

c

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