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The conventional cements and cement concretes described in Chapters 5 and 10 are commonly
used for structures in normal environmental conditions. With the advancement of technology
and pressing demands of better mechanical properties and durability than the conventional
ones as well as improvements in selected properties of interest has lead to the development of
special cements and cement concretes.
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Acid-resistant cements consist of an aqueous solution of sodium silicate (soluble glass), an
acid-resistant aggregate and an additive (hardening accelerant). The micro aggregates are
quartz, quartzites, andesite, diabase and other acid-resistant materials; the hardening accelerant
is sodium fluosilicate. The binding material in the acid-resistant cement is soluble glass—a
water solution of sodium silicate Na 2 O.nSiO 2 or potassium silicate K 2 O.nSiO 2. Here n is the
ratio of the number of silica molecules to that of alkali oxide molecules, called the glass
modulus, whose value lies between 2.5 to 3.5.
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