Dairy Ingredients for Food Processing

516 Chapter 20

and Nutrition (ESPGHAN), and Life Science

Research Offi ce (LSRO). The main points of

the Codex Alimentarius are shown in Table

20.1.

Several countries also have additional

regulations governing infant formula compo-

sition and marketing. As the industry endeav-

ors to bring formulas closer to human milk

and the Codex Alimentarius. In addition,
individual countries may have their own
regulations and societies with varying inter-
pretations of the nutritional needs of infants.
Important societies (which also issue recom-
mendations) include the American Academy
of Pediatrics (AAP), European Society for
Paediatric Gastroenterology, Hepatology,

Table 20.1. Main points about Codex Alimentarius standards for Annex 1 (infant formula, IF) and
Annex 2 (follow On formula, FOF).

IF IF FOF FOF

Minimum Maximum Minimum Maximum

Energy kJ/100 ml N.S. N.S. 250 355

Kcal/100 ml N.S. N.S. 60 85

Protein g/100 kJ 0.43 0.96 0.7 1.3

g/100 kcal 1.8 4 3 5.5

Choline mg/100 kJ 1.7 N.S. N.S. N.S.

mg/100 kcal 7 N.S. N.S. N.S.

Lipids g/100 kJ 0.8 1.5 0.7 1.4

g/100 kcal 3.3 6 3 6

Carbohydrates N.S. N.S. N.S. N.S.

Minerals

Na mg/100 kJ 5 14 5 21

K mg/100 kJ 20 50 20 N.S.

Cl mg/100 kJ 14 35 14 N.S.

Ca mg/100 kJ 12 33 22 N.S.

P mg/100 kJ 6 N.S. 14 N.S.

Mg mg/100 kJ 1.4 N.S. 1.4 N.S.

Fe mg/100 kJ 0.04 N.S. 0.25 0.5

Zn mg/100 kJ 0.12 N.S. 0.12 N.S.

C u μ g/100 kJ 14 N.S. N.S. N.S.

I μ g/100 kJ 1.2 N.S. 1,2 N.S.

S e μ g/100 kJ N.S. N.S. N.S. N.S.

M n μ g/100 kJ 1.2 N.S. N.S. N.S.

F μ g/100 kJ N.S. N.S. N.S. N.S.

Vitamins

Vitamin A IU/100 kJ 60 120 60 180

Vitamin D mg/100 kJ 10 25 10 30

Vitamin C μ g/100 kJ 1.9 N.S 1.9 N.S.

Vitamin B 1 μ g/100 kJ 10 N.S 10 N.S.

Vitamin B 2 μ g/100 kJ 14 N.S 14 N.S.

Vitamin B 3 μ g/100 kJ 60 N.S 60 N.S.

Vitamin B 5 μ g/100 kJ 9 N.S 11 N.S.

Vitamin B 6 μ g/100 kJ 1 N.S 1 N.S.

Vitamin B 11 μ g/100 kJ 70 N.S 70 N.S.

Vitamin B 12 μ g/100 kJ 0.04 N.S 0.04 N.S.

Vitamin K μ g/100 kJ 1 N.S 1 N.S.

Vitamin H μ g/100 kJ 0.4 N.S 0.4 N.S.

Vitamin E IU/100 kJ 0.15 N.S 0.15 N.S.

N.S., not specifi ed
Formulas with a higher protein content than 1.8/100 kcal should contain a minimum of 15 μ g vitamin B 6 per g/protein
Isolated amino acids may be added to infant formula only to improve its nutritional value for infants. Essential amino
acids may be added to improve protein quality, but only in amounts necessary for that purpose. Only natural L forms
of amino acids shall be used
The Ca : P ratio shall not be less than 1.2 and not more than 2.0