Dairy Ingredients for Food Processing

528 Chapter 20

Category Typical nutrient content Comments Example clinical reference

Cancer Products aim to deliver

enhanced protein content and

calories to help in anorexia,

and can include a variety of

ingredients (e.g., enriched in

polyunsaturated oils, high

levels of branched - chain

amino acids) aimed to blunt

cachexia (unintended weight

loss mainly from muscle

driven by presence of tumors)

Products usually ready to use,

mildly fl avored, and

relatively calorie dense.

Usually designed to be

delivered cold (which can

help, indirectly, with

treatment side effects such

as mucositis)

1. Ryan AM et al ( 2009 ) Ann. Surg.
   249 : 355 – 363 ; 2. Guarcello M et al
   ( 2006 ) Nutr Ther & Metab.
   24 : 168 – 175 ; 3. Fearon K et al ( 2003 )
   Gut 52 : 1479 – 1486 ; Barber M et al
   ( 1999 ) Br J Cancer 81 : 80 – 86

Performance Nutrition

Protein shakes

and

powders

Major aim is delivering

signifi cant protein. Products

range from simple fl avored

protein powders that

consumers use to build

customized shakes to

relatively complete nutritional

ready - to - use products,

typically delivering high

protein and low or no fat

content

Achieving target protein

intakes without exposure to

higher than desirable

saturated fat and cholesterol

is diffi cult, and these

products provide high

supplemental protein to

achieve high - performance

sports goals

1. Wolf RR ( 2000 ) Am. J. Clin. Nutr.
   72 ( 2 ): 551S – 557S ; 2. Lum C et al
   ( 2007 ) Australasian J. Ageing
   26 ( 4 ): 168 – 172 ; 3. Burke D et al
   ( 2001 ) Intl. J. Sport Nutr. Exer.
   Metab. 11 ( 3 ): 349 – 364

Energy drinks Sometimes built around

hydration, providing

carbohydrates for energy, and

sometimes containing protein

(most often whey)

More specialized offerings can

include creatine (enhance

energy storage), carnitine

(enhance fat - burning

capacity), taurine and

specifi c amino acids, as well

as many other ingredients

1. Welsh RS et al ( 2002 ) Med. Sci.
   Sports Exer. 34 ( 4 ): 723 – 731 ; 2. Ivy J
   et al ( 2002 ) J. Appl. Physiol.
   93 ( 4 ): 1337 – 1344 ; 3. Campbell C et al
   ( 2008 ) Int. J. Sport Nutr. Exerc.
   Metab. 18 ( 2 ): 179 – 190 ; 4. Green AL
   et al ( 1996 ) Am J Physiol 271 ( 5 pt
   1 ): E821 – E826
   Diet support
   products

Typically modest calorie

offerings, little or no fat,

sometimes enhanced with

satiety - enhancing ingredients

(e.g., fi ber, high protein,

induced viscosity

carbohydrate systems, etc.).

Products are also designed

around a particular diet

program, such as high protein

or a particular macronutrient

balance

Product intent is to provide

a healthy snack or “ lite ”

meal, and newer entries

add help with hunger

signals to reduce diffi culty

with maintenance of

hypocaloric diet

1. Tate DF , et al. ( 2006 ) Arch Intern
   Med. 166 : 1620 – 1625 ; 2. Apovian C
   et al ( 2009 ) ICAN: Infant, Child &
   Adolescent Nutrition 1 : 37 – 44 ; 3.
   Anderson JW et al ( 2004 ) Advances in
   Therapy 21 ( 2 ): 61 – 75

and can have a signifi cant impact on the

quality of life of people at risk for serious

and limiting health issues. This category

will continue to grow and become increas-

ingly sophisticated as the population ages,

our understanding is improved, and our inter-

est in dealing with comorbidities increases.

This is especially true in the areas of diabetes

care, impact of obesity, and cardiovascular

disease.

The Future

A wide variety of potentially industry -

changing developments are being pursued

at present, some of which we will mention.

Table 20.5. Medical nutritional product example categories. (cont.)