552 Index
Dual-effect evaporators, 120
Dual-stage homogenization, 116
Dulce de Leche (caramel jam), 132
multiple functionalities of, 138t
Dutch cheeses
approximate chemical composition of,
284 t
hooping and pressing curd for, 245
DWM. See Dried whole milk
Dyes, wax packaging for cheese and, 258
E
EAFUS. See Everything Added to Food in
the United States
Early blowing, cheese spoilage and, 85
Eckner, K. F., 79
Edam cheese, 284
characteristics of and uses for, 313t
FDA compositional standards for, 232t
microbial composition of starters for,
238 t
salting in brine, 246
wax packaging for, 257
EFAs. See Essential fatty acids
EFSA. See European Food Safety Authority
Egg-free fl an, formulation of, 465t
Eggnog
processing of, 442
suggested formulation of, 441t
typical composition of, 441t
Eggs
comparative nutritional measures of, 400t
percentage of contribution of fat, in U.S.
food supply from 2001 to 2005,
405 t
Eicosapentaenoic acid, 157, 209, 408, 409
EIEC. See Enteroinvasive E. coli
Electrical conductivity, of milk, 45
Electrodialysis
demineralization and, 189
fractionated whey and, 27
reduced minerals whey and, 29
reduction of minerals in whey, partially
or fully demineralized by, 188t
whey-based ingredients and, 187 ,
187–188
whey protein concentrates and, 30
Ellis, A., 75t
Elution, ion exchange chromatography and,
185
EMCs. See Enzyme-modifi ed cheeses
Emerging nutritional needs, technologies
for, 525–526, 528
Emmentaler cheese
manufacturing process for, 285–286
microbial composition of starters for, 238t
varieties, extensive gas evolution of, 260,
261
Employee hygiene and training, prerequisite
programs and, 379
Emulsifi cation, of whey protein
concentrates, 193
Emulsifi ers, 357, 459
in chocolate products, 502
in non-dairy creamers, 423
Emulsifying capacity, 320
Emulsifying properties, milk powders and,
152–153
Emulsifying salts
for cheese substitutes/analogs, 309
functions of, 304
salient features of, in process cheese,
307 t
Emulsion stability, 320
Encapsulation technologies, infant formulas
and, 520
Endocellular enzymes, 317
Endopeptidases, 318
Energy drinks, 528t
Ennahar, S., 365
Entamoeba histolytica, 61t
Enterobacter sakasakaii. See Cronobacter
sakasakii
Enterococcus Bacillus, udder exterior and,
60
Enterococcus sp., in probiotic yogurts, 338
Enteroinvasive E. coli, cheese-related
outbreaks of, 79
Enterotoxigenic E. coli, cheese-related
outbreaks of, 79, 80
Enzymatic coagulation, acid coagulation
vs., 243
Enzymatic hydrolysis, functional milk
protein preparation via, 55