Comparative and Veterinary Pharmacology

Table 1

(continued)

Class

Members

a

Species

Deliveryroute

Spectrum of activity Mode of action

Oxindole alkaloids

(Paraherquamides)

2-desoxoparaherquamide Sheep

Oral

GI nematodes

Antagonists of the nematode nicotinic

acetylcholine receptors

Salicylanilides

Closantel; rafoxanide

Sheep

Oral

Liver fluke,

H.

contortus

Uncoupling of oxidative

phosphorylation in the parasite’smitochondria, leading to ATPdepletion

Benzenesulphonamides

Clorsulon

Cattle

SC

Liver fluke

Interference with energy metabolism

through selective antagonism offluke phosphoglycerate kinase andmutase

Pyrazinoisoquinolines

Praziquantel, epsiprantel

Cats, dogs

Oral,

topical,SC, IM

Cestodes

Putatively act through alteration of

Ca

2+

homeostasis in adult

tapeworms, causing musclecontraction and tegumentvacuolisation

aNot all members of each class are available for every animal speciesbEfficacy limited to liver fluke.

cSome members of the class are also active against these endoparasites

118 H. Benchaoui