Species Differences in Pharmacokinetics
and Pharmacodynamics
Pierre-Louis Toutain, Aude Ferran, and Alain Bousquet-Me ́lou
Contents
1 Introduction ............................................................................... 20
2 Diversity of Species and Breeds of Interest for Veterinary Medicine ..................... 21
3 Origin of Interspecies Differences in Modalities
of Drug Administration ................................................................... 24
4 Origin of Interspecies Differences in Drug Disposition and Drug Action ................ 26
5 Origin of Interspecies Differences in Dosage Regimens .................................. 30
6 Pour-on Formulations: Dermal or Oral Route of Administration? ........................ 32
7 Consequence of Coprophagia on Drug Disposition and Responses ....................... 33
8 Interspecies Differences in Drug Disposition in Relation to Digestive Tract Physiology ... 34
9 Species Variation in Drug Metabolism ................................................... 37
10 Kidney Function and Urinary pH ......................................................... 40
11 Specificity in Drug Administration and Disposition in Poultry ........................... 41
12 Species Variability in Drug Administration and Disposition in Fish ..................... 43
13 Conclusions ............................................................................... 45
References ......................................................................................45
AbstractVeterinary medicine faces the unique challenge of having to treat many
types of domestic animal species, including mammals, birds, and fishes. More-
over, these species have evolved into genetically unique breeds having certain
distinguishable characteristics developed by artificial selection. The main chal-
lenge for veterinarians is not to select a drug but to determine, for the selected
agent, a rational dosing regimen because the dosage regimen for a drug in a given
species may depend on its anatomy, biochemistry, physiology, and behaviour as
well as on the nature and causes of the condition requiring treatment. Both
between- and within-species differences in drug response can be explained either
P.-L. Toutain (*), A. Ferran, and A. Bousquet-Me ́lou
Unite ́Mixte de Recherche 181 Physiopathologie et Toxicologie Expe ́rimentales, Institut National
de la Recherche Agronomique et Ecole Nationale Ve ́te ́rinaire de Toulouse, 23 Chemin des
Capelles, BP 87 614, 31076 Toulouse cedex 03, France
e-mail: [email protected]; [email protected]; [email protected]
F. Cunningham et al. (eds.),Comparative and Veterinary Pharmacology,
Handbook of Experimental Pharmacology 199,
DOI 10.1007/978-3-642-10324-7_2,#Springer-Verlag Berlin Heidelberg 2010
19