advances, the work of engineers and planners, and of new rational think-
ing about ways of improving productivity and efficiency. Above all they
had emerged as solutions to problems, and as responses to opportunities
presented by the advent of industrial modernity. Over the next two decades
a new generation of architects and designers was to embrace the ideas and
the forms offered to them by these new spaces and to integrate them into
a new architectural movement which, in turn, dramatically transformed
both the nature and the appearance of the modern interior.128
Lyons Tea Shop and waitresses, London, 1890 s.