urbaf2

78 CHEMISTRY AND TECHNOLOGY OF EXPLOSIVES

nitration. They are often formed when the quantity of nitration acid is inadequate.

An excess of nitrating mixture above the theoretical quantity prevents the for-

mation of these products.

According to Battegay [86] benzene can give the dark coloured substances

in the presence of nitrogen dioxide and sulphuric acid. He postulated the existence

of a complex product of the general formula

(C 6 H 6 )x(ONOSO 3 H)y(H 2 SO 4 )z

Orlova and Romanova [87] established that toluene yields a dark coloured

complex of the composition:

C 6 H 5 CH 3 .2ONOSO 3 H.3H 2 SO 4

The following are factors which favour the formation of the complex: high tem-

perature, and a high content of nitrogen oxide in the nitrating mixture. The complex

can be destroyed by an excess of nitric acid when the concentration of nitrating

mixture is high enough and nitrotoluenes result from this destruction. If the quan-

tity of nitric acid is too low, the complex is liable to decomposition with foaming

and formation of tarry matter, which is the product of both: nitration and oxi-

dation.

LITERATURE

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