PDR for Herbal Medicines

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Tolu Balsam
Myroxylon balsamum
DESCRIPTION
Medicinal Parts: The medicinal parts are the balsam from
the sweltered trunks, the hardened resin balsam that has been
extracted from damaged trunks, softened and purified
through a process of melting and sweltering.

PDR FOR HERBAL MEDICINES

Flower and Fruit: The androgynous flowers grow on

pedicles approximately 12 cm long on simple, richly

blossomed racemes. The calyx is inferior, broadly tubular or

oblong-campanulate, dark green with short, rough hairs. The

5 petals are white and stemmed. The standard is almost

circular. The stamens are bright red and the 1-valve ovary is I

on a long stem. The fruit is a 1-seeded, indehiscent, winged

pod. The seeds are distinctly curved, brow-red and reniform.

Leaves, Stem and Root: These balsam trees grow to 25 m tall

with a round, spreading crown that only starts to branch at a

height of 13 to 19 m. The bark is smooth, yellow-gray or

brown with numerous lenticles. The leaves are usually odd-

pinnate and have 4 to 7 obovate, acuminate, coreacious,

short-petioled leaflets. The upper surface is dark green and

the lower surface pale green.

Characteristics: Before drying, the resin smells strongly of

vanilla or benzoin.

Habitat: Myroxylon balsamum is indigenous to South and

Central America, Sri Lanka and Jamaica.

Production: Peruvian balsam consists of the balsam generat-

ed from scorched tree trunks of Myroxylon balsamum. The

bark of 10-year-old trees is removed just above ground level

and this area is scorched with a flame, after which the M

balsam is collected in cloths placed on the scorched area.

Tolu Balsam consists of the balsam generated from the

incised tree trunks of Myroxylon balsamum. The balsam is

purified by melting, straining and solidifying. A V-shaped

incision is made in the tree trunk, and a vessel is secured

under the incision to collect the resin, which is then cleaned.

Other Names: Balsam Tree, Peruvian Balsam, Tolu

Opobalsam

ACTIONS AND PHARMACOLOGY

COMPOUNDS: PERUVIAN BALSAM

Ester mixture, so-called cinnamein (50-70%): made up of

benzyl benzoate and benzyl cinnamoate

Resins (20-30%): chief constituent cinnamic acid ester of the

so-called peruresitannols (polymer)

Volatile oils: including some with nerolidol

EFFECTS: PERUVIAN BALSAM -

The drug has an antibacterial/antiseptic effect, promotes the -

granulation process and is antiparasitic (especially for

scabies). The main active constituent is an ester mixture that

mainly contains benzyl benzoate.

COMPOUNDS: TOLU BALSAM

Ester mixture (10-20%): made up of benzyl benzoate and

benzyl cinnamoate

Free benzoic acid/free cinnamic acid (10 to 30%)