PDR for Herbal Medicines

840 /YELLOW LUPIN PDR FOR HERBAL MEDICINES

Kern W, List PH, Horhammer L (Hrsg.), Hagers Handbuch der

Pharmazeutischen Praxis, 4. AufL, Bde 1-8, Springer Verlag

Berlin, Heidelberg, New York, 1969.

Lewin L, Gifte und Vergiftungen, 6. AufL, Nachdruck, Haug

Verlag, Heidelberg 1992.

Plakhota VA, Berezyuk NK, Oleinik GV, Boiko VP, Poisoning

of animals with lupins. In: Veterinariya, Moscow, USSR, No. 8,

79-81. 1966.

Roth L, Daunderer M. Kormann K, Giftpflanzen, Pflanzengifte,

4. Aufl., Ecomed Fachverlag Landsberg Lech 1993.
   Schmeller Th et al.. Binding of quinolizidine alkaloids to
   nicotinic and muscarinic acetylcholine receptors. In: JNP
   57(9): 1316-1319. 1994.
   Seeger R, Lupanin und Anagyrin. In: DAZ 133(17):35. 1993.
   Teuscher E, Lindequist U, Biogene Gifte - Biologic Chemie,
   Pharmakologie, 2. Aufl., Fischer Verlag Stuttgart 1994.

Yellow Toadflax

Linaria vulgaris
DESCRIPTION
Medicinal Parts: The medicinal part is the fresh or dried
herb.
Flower and Fruit: The flowers are in terminal dense
racemes. They are sulfur yellow and remain closed until a
bee gains entry. The calyx is only fused at the base and is 5-
tipped. The corolla has a long sharp spur and is bilabiate
with orange edges. There are 2 large and 2 small stamens
and 1 superior ovary. The fruit is an orbicular, dry capsule
with some chambers, which open when ripe, flinging out the
seeds. The seeds are flattened and are in the middle of a
circular wing.
Leaves, Stem and Root: A number of slim, glabrous, erect,
simple stems 30 to 60 cm high grow from a perennial
creeping root. The numerous leaves are alternate, sessile,
very long and narrow. The leaves and stems are pale blue
and completely glabrous.
Habitat: The plant is indigenous to the northern hemisphere
and the southwest U.S.
Production: True Toadflax is the flowering herb of Linaria
vulgaris.
Other Names: Fluellin, Pattens and Clogs, Flaxweed, Ram-
sted, Snapdragon, Churnstaff, Dragon-Bushes, Brideweed,
Toadpipe, Yellow Rod, Larkspur Lion's Mouth, Devil's
Ribbon, Eggs and Collops, Devil's Head, Pedlar's Basket,
Gallwort, Rabbits, Doggies, Calves' Snout, Eggs and Bacon,
Buttered Haycocks, Monkey Flower, Butter and Eggs,
Pennywort

ACTIONS AND PHARMACOLOGY

COMPOUNDS

Iridoide monoterpenes: chief component - antirrhinoside

Flavonoids: including among others linarin, pectolinarin,

linariin (pectolinarigenin-7-rhamnoglucoside- acetate) *

Aurones: including among others aureusin, bracteatin-6-O-

glucoside

Quinazoline alkaloids: peganine (vasicin)

EFFECTS

The main active agents are the flavon glycosides linarin and

pectolinarin, pectin, phytosterol, tannic acid and vitamin C.

The drug is anti-inflammatory. Diaphoretic and diuretic

effects have been documented.

INDICATIONS AND USAGE

Unproven Uses: Yellow Toadflax is used internally to aid

digestion problems and urinary tract disorders.

Externally, the herb is used for hemorrhoids, ablution of

festering wounds, skin rashes and ulcus cruris.

i

PRECAUTIONS AND ADVERSE REACTIONS

No health hazards or side effects are known in conjunction

with the proper administration of designated therapeutic

dosages.

DOSAGE

Mode of Administration: The powdered form and the extract

are used as a diuretic and a mild laxative (tea). Externally the

herb is used in poultices.

Preparation: Tea infusion is prepared from 1 to 2 teaspoon-

fuls of the drug and 2 to 4 cups of boiling water left to draw

for 18 minutes.

Daily Dosage: Drink the tea during the course of the day.

LITERATURE

Hegnauer R, Chemotaxonomie" der Pflanzen, Bde 1-11,

Birkhauser Verlag Basel, Boston, Berlin 1962-1997.

Ilieva E et al., 5-O-Allosylantirrinoside from Linaria species. In:

PH 32:1068. 1993.

Kern W, List PH, Horhammer L (Hrsg.), Hagers Handbuch der

Pharmazeutischen Praxis, 4. Aufl., Bde. 1-8, Springer Verlag

Berlin, Heidelberg, New York, 1969.

Madaus G, Lehrbuch der Biologischen Arzneimittel, Bde 1-3,

Nachdruck, Georg Olms Verlag Hildesheim 1979.