PDR for Herbal Medicines

HERBAL MONOGRAPHS

DOSAGE

Mode of Administration: Nutmeg oils, extracts, powders,

syrups and butters are used internally. The oil also is used

externally as a liniment 10%

Preparation: There is no information in the literature.

Daily Dosage:

Infusion/decoction: 1%, 50 to 200 ml daily.

Liquid extract: 1 to 2 times daily.

Oil: 1 to 3 drops internally 2 to 3 times a day.

Powder: 0.3 to 1 g; not to exceed 3 times daily.

Syrup: 10 to 40 ml daily.

Tincture: 2 to 10 ml daily.

Homeopathic Dosage: 5 drops, 1 tablet or 10 globules every

30 to 60 minutes (acute) or 1 to 3 times daily (chronic);

parenterally: 1 to 2 sc acute, 3 times daily; chronic: once a

day (HAB1).

Storage: Nutmeg should be stored in tightly sealed contain-

ers and kept cool and dry. The oil should be protected from

light in containers that are tightly sealed, completely filled

and kept at a temperature not to exceed 25° C.

LITERATURE: NUTMEG SEED AND OIL

Baldry J et al., (1976) Int Flav Food Add 7:28.

Bennett A et al., New Eng J Med 290:110.

Effertz B et al., (1979) Z Pflanzenphysiol 92:319.

Forrest JE et al., (1974) J Chem Soc Perkin Trans 1(2):205.

ForrestJE^Heacock.PvA, (1972) Lloydia 35:440.

Forrest TP et«t, Jpt973) Naturwissenschaften 60:257.

Gottlieb OR, (1979) J Ethnopharmacol 1:309.

Isogai A et al., (1973) Agric Biol Chem 37:198 et 1479.

Kim et al., (1978) Biochim. Biophys Acta 537:22.

Miller EC et al., (1983) Cancer Res 43:1124.

Misra V et al., (1978) Ind J Med Res 67:482.

Pecevski J et al., (1980) Toxicol Lett 7:739.

Rasheed A et al., (1984) Planta Med 50(2):222.

Sanford KJ, Heinz DE, (1971) Pharm Acta Helv 59(9/10):242.

Sanford KJ, Heinz DE, (1971) Phytochemistry 10:1245.

Sarath-Kumara SJ et al., (1985) J Sci Food Agric 36(2):93.

Shafkan I et al., (1977) New Eng J Med 296:694.

Further information in:

Frohne D, Pfander HJ, Giftpflanzen - Ein Handbuch fur
Apotheker, Toxikologen und Biologen, 4. Aufl., Wiss. Verlags-
Ges. Stuttgart 1997.

NUX VOMICA/547

Hansel R, Keller K, Rimpler H, Schneider G (Hrsg.), Hagers

Handbuch der Pharmazeutischen Praxis, 5. Aufl., Bde 4-6

(Drogen), Springer Verlag Berlin, Heidelberg, New York, 1992-

1994.

Leung AY, Encyclopedia of Common Natural Ingredients Used

in Food, Drugs and Cosmetics, John Wiley & Sons Inc., New

York 1980.

Lewin L, Gifte und Vergiftungen, 6. Aufl., Nachdruck, Haug

Verlag, Heidelberg 1992.

Roth L, Daunderer M, Kormann K, Giftpflanzen, Pflanzengifte,

4. Aufl., Ecomed Fachverlag Landsberg Lech 1993.
   Steinegger E, Hansel R, Pharmakognosie, 5. Aufl., Springer
   Verlag Heidelberg 1992.
   Teuscher E, Lindequist U, Biogene Gifte - Biologie, Chernie,
   Pharmakologie, 2. Aufl., Fischer Verlag Stuttgart 1994.
   Teuscher E, Biogene Arzneimittel, 5. Aufl., Wiss. Verlagsges.
   Stuttgart 1997.

Nux Vomica

Strychnos nux vomica

DESCRIPTION

Medicinal Parts: The medicinal parts are the ripe, dried

seeds and the dried bark.

Flower and Fruit: The inflorescences are terminal and cyme-

like. The flowers have a 5-tipped calyx and a white to

greenish-white plate-shaped corolla with a long tube. There

are 5 sessile stamens in the mouth of the corolla tube. The

ovary is superior, 2-valved and has a lorlg style and a 2-lobed

stigma. The fruit, when ripe, is an orange-red, globular berry

with a diameter of 4 to 6 cm. The pulp is white, bitter and

surrounded by a tough, brittle exocarp about 1.5 mm thick.

There are usually 1 to 9 seeds in the pulp, of which 2 to 4 are

erect. The seeds are disc-like, orbicular, 12 to 25 mm wide,

radially striped, appressed pubescent and exceptionally

bitter.

Leaves, Stem and Root: The plant is a tree up to 25 m high

with a ""trunk circumference of up to 3 m. The branches are

obtuse-quadrangular, close together and repeatedly bifurcat-

ed. They are glabrous and they have 1 to 2 leaf pairs, which

are thjckened at the nodes. The trunk bark is blackish-ash-

gray and the branch bark is gray. The twigs are green and

glossy. The leaves are petiolate and crossed-opposite. The

leaf blade is glabrous, broadly ovate, entire-margined and

has a curved main rib. The broad stipules dry later.

Habitat: The plant grows all over southeast Asia from

Pakistan to Vietnam.