PDR for Herbal Medicines

660 /SANDALWOOD

Madaus G, Lehrbuch der Biologischen Arzneimittel, Bde 1-3,

Nachdruck, Georg 01ms Verlag Hildesheim 1979.

Patnikar SK. Naik CG, (1975) Tetrahedron Letters 15:1293.

Roth L, Daunderer M, Kormann K. Giftpflanzen, Pflanzengifte,

4. Aurl, Ecomed Fachverlag Landsberg Lech 1993.
   Steinegger E, Hansel R, Pharmakognosie, 5. Aufl., Springer
   Verlag Heidelberg 1992.
   Wagner H, Wiesenauer M, Phytotherapie. Phytopharmaka und
   pflanzliehe Homoopathika, Fischer-Verlag, Stuttgart, Jena, New
   York 1995.

Sandarac

Tetraclinis articulata

DESCRIPTION

Medicinal Parts: The medicinal parts of the plant are the

naturally flowing resin and the bark.

Flowers and Fruit: The inflorescences are apical on the

lateral branches and conical. The male flowers are 4 to 5 mm

wide. There are 4 stamens with very short filaments and

scale-like anthers. The female flowers are very small, with 4

scales in 2 pairs arranged like whorls. The upper surface of

the flower is fleshy, with a swelling at the base almost

completely covering the ovules, which are on woody, dark-

brown, approximately 12 mm long cone scales. The seeds

are narrow ovoid with large, membranous wings on bo,th

sides.

Leaves, Stem and Root: Tetraclinis articulata grows as a

monoclinous, monoecious evergreen shrub or tree, reaching

a height of up to 12 m. The leaves are opposite, scaly, long

and down-turned. They grow close together in groups of 2

pairs on young branches in whorls. The branches are jointed

and somewhat pressed together.

Habitat: North Africa, particularly Morocco and Algeria

Production: Sandarac gum is the resin that flows naturally

from the branches and bark of Tetraclines articulata.

Other Names: Arartreev Alerce, Sandarac Gum Tree,

Gharghar

ACTIONS AND PHARMACOLOGY

COMPOUNDS

Diterpenes (95%): diterpene acids: including pimaric acid,

callitrolic acid, sandaracinic acid, sandaracinolic acid, san-

daracolic acid, callitrisinic acid

Bitter substances

Volatile oil (1.3%): including alpha- and beta-pinene,
limonene, thymoquinone

PDR FOR HERBAL MEDICINES

EFFECTS

The resin is said to be antibacterial and bacteriostatic in

effect. Experimental data supporting these effects is not

available.

INDICATIONS AND USAGE

Unproven Uses: The plant's use as a fumigant for rheumatic

and gouty complaints and edematous swellings has been

known since the 19th century. Other folk medicine uses

include fever and diarrhea.

PRECAUTIONS AND ADVERSE REACTIONS

No health hazards are known in conjunction.with the proper

administration of designated therapeutic dosages.

DOSAGE

Mode of Administration: Whole and cut drug is either

inhaled or used in the form of compresses.

LITERATURE

Blaschek W, Hansel R, Keller K, Reichling J, Rimpler G,

Schneider G (Eds), Hagers Handbuch der Pharmazeutischen

Praxis. Folgebande 1 und 2. Drogen A-Z. Springer. Berlin,

-Heidelberg 1998.

Sanguinaria canadensis

See Bloodroot

Sanguisorba officinalis

See Great Burnet

Sanicula europaea

See European Sanicle

Santalum album

See Sandalwood

Santolina chamaecyparissias

See Lavender Cotton