PDR for Herbal Medicines

676 /SCOTCH PINE PDR FOR HERBAL MEDICINES

PINE NEEDLE OIL

Approved by Commission E:

• Common cold


• Cough/bronchitis


• Fevers and colds


• Inflammation of the mouth and pharynx


• Neuralgias


• Rheumatism


• Tendency to infection
  The essential oil is used internally and externally for
  congestive diseases of the upper and lower respiratory tract.
  Externally, it is used for rheumatic and neuralgic ailments.
  TURPENTINE OIL, PURIFIED
  Approved by Commission E:


• Cough/bronchitis


• Inflammation of the mouth and pharynx


• Rheumatism
  Purified turpentine oil is used internally and externally for
  chronic diseases of the bronchi with profuse secretion. It is
  used externally for rheumatic and neuralgic ailments.
  Unproven Uses: Folk medicine uses include bladder catarrh,
  gallstones and phosphorous poisoning. Externally, the oil is
  used for scabies, burns, frostbite and skin injuries.
  CONTRAINDICATIONS
  PINE SHOOTS AND PINE NEEDLE OIL
  Contraindications include bronchial asthma and whooping
  cough.
  PRECAUTIONS AND ADVERSE REACTIONS
  PINE SHOOTS
  No health hazards or side effects are known in conjunction
  with the proper administration of designated therapeutic
  dosages. Patients with extensive skin injuries, acute skin
  diseases, feverish or infectious diseases, cardiac insufficien-
  cy or hypertonia should not use the drug as a bath additive.

PINE NEEDLE OIL

No health hazards are known in conjunction with the proper

administration of designated therapeutic dosages. Signs of

irritation could appear on skin and mucous membranes.

Bronchial spasms could worsen. Patients with extensive skin

injuries, acute skin diseases, feverish or infectious diseases,

cardiac insufficiency or hypertonia should not use the drug

as a bath additive.

TURPENTINE OIL, PURIFIED
General: No health hazards or side effects are known in
conjunction with the proper external administration of
designated therapeutic dosages. However, resorptive poison-
ings, such as kidney and central nervous system damage, are
possible with large-area administration. Where large skin

injuries, severe feverish or infectious diseases, cardiac

insufficiency or hypertonia are present, entire-body baths

with the volatile oil added should be carried out only

following consultation with a physician.

Kidney damage is conceivable with internal administration

of therapeutic dosages. Inhalation should be avoided with

acute inflammation of the breathing passages.

Pediatric Use: Cases of death, in particular among children,

following intake of the oil have been reported in the

scientific literature.

OVERDOSAGE

TURPENTINE OIL, PURIFIED

Severe poisonings are possible with the intake of large

dosages. Symptoms include albuminuria, diarrhea, dyspnea,

dysuria, feelings of vertigo, hematuria, intestinal colic,

queasiness, reddening of the face, salivation, skin efflores-

cences, sore throat, staggering walk, strangury, thirst,

twitching and vomiting. Poisonings can also occur through

inhalation of the vapors or through skin contact. Fifty grams

is the approximate lethal dosage for an adult. Cases of death,

in particular among children, following intake of the oil are

known from the scientific literature. Gastric lavage with

bicarbonate of soda solution, intestinal emptying through

administration of sodium sulphate, the administration of

paraffin oil, activated charcoal and shock prophylaxis

(suitable body position, quiet, warmth) should be instituted.

Thereafter, therapy for poisonings consists of treating

spasms with diazepam (i.v.), electrolyte substitution, and

treating possible cases of acidosis with sodium bicarbonate

infusions. In case of shock, plasma volume expanders should

be infused. Monitoring of kidney function is essential.

Intubation and oxygen respiration may also be necessary.

DOSAGE

PINE SHOOTS

Mode of Administration: Pine shoot is available as a

comminuted herb for internal use in teas, syrups and

tinctures. Alcoholic solutions, oils or ointments are used

externally.

Daily Dosage:

Internal — daily dose: 2 to 3 g drug several times a day.

External — as a bath additive: 100 g alcoholic extract in a

full bath.

Semi-solid preparations — 20 to 50% ointment to be rubbed

in several times a day.

Homeopathic Dosage: 5 drops, 1 tablet or 10 globules every

30 to 60 minutes (acute) or 1 to 3 times daily (chronic);

parenterally: 1 to 2 ml sc, acute: 3 times daily; chronic: once

a day (HAB1). The dose is different for children.