PDR for Herbal Medicines

688/SENNA PDR FOR HERBAL MEDICINES

Sydiskis RJ, Owen DG, Lohr JL, Rosier KHA, Blosmster RN,

Inactivation of enveloped viruses by anthraquinones extracted

from plants. In: Antimicrob Agents Chemother 35:2463-2466.

1991.

Tzavella K; Schenkirsch G: Riepl RL et al. Effects of long-

term treatment with anthranoids and sodium picosulphate on the

contents of vasoactive intestinal polypeptide, somatostatin and

substance P in the rat colon. Eur J Gastroenterol Hepatol 1995

Jan:7(l): 13-20.

Valverde A; Hay JM; Fingerhut A et al. Senna vs polyethylene

glycol for mechanical preparation the evening before elective

colonic or rectal resection: a multicenter controlled trial. French

Association for Surgical Research. Arch Surg 1999

May; 134(5):514-9.

Van Os FHL (1976) Pharmacol 14(Suppl 1):7.

Yamauchi K; Yagi T; Kuwano S. Suppression of the purgative

action of rhein anthrone, the active metabolite of sennosides A

and B, by calcium channel blockers, calmodulin antagonists and

indomethacin. Pharmacology 1993 Oct;47 SuppI 1:22-31.

Ziegenhagen DJ; Zehnter E; Tacke W et al. Addition of senna

improves colonoscopy preparation with lavage: a prospective

randomized trial. Gastrointest Endosc 1991 Sep-Oct;37(5):547-9.

Further information in: " «. -

Hansel R, Keller K, Rimpler H, Schneider G (Hrsg.), Hagers

Handbuch der Pharmazeutischen Praxis, 5. Aufl, Bde 4-6

(Drogen): Springer Verlag Berlin, Heidelberg, New York, 1992-

1994.

Leung AY, Encyclopedia of Common Natural Ingredients Used.

in Food Drugs, Cosmetics, John Wiley & Sons Inc., New York

1980.

Lewin L, Gifte und Vergiftungen, 6. Aufl., Nachdruck, Haug

Verlag, Heidelberg 1992.

Madaus G, Lehrbuch der Biologischen Arzneimittel, Bde 1-3,

Nachdruck, Georg Olms Verlag Hildesheim 1979.

Roth L, Daunderer M, Kormann K, Giftpflanzen, Pflanzengifte,

4. Aufl., Ecomed Fachverlag Landsberg Lech 1993.
   Schulz R, Hansel R, Rationale Phytotherapie, Springer Verlag
   Heidelberg 1996.
   Steinegger E, Hansel R, Pharmakognosie, 5. Aufl., Springer
   Verlag Heidelberg 1992.
   Teuscher E, Lindequist U, Biogene Gifte - Biologie, Chemie,
   Pharmakologie, 2. Aufl., Fischer Verlag Stuttgart 1994.
   Teuscher E, Biogene Arzneimittel, 5. Aufl., Wiss. Verlagsges.
   Stuttgart 1997.
   Wagner H, Wiesenauer M, Phytotherapie. Phytopharmaka und
   pflanzliche Homoopathika, Fischer-Verlag, Stuttgart, Jena, New
   York 1995.

Wichtl M (Hrsg.), Teedrogen, 4. Aufl., Wiss. Verlagsges.
Stuttgart 1997.

Serenoa repens

See Saw Palmetto

Sesame

Sesamum orientale

DESCRIPTION

Medicinal Parts: The medicinal part of the plant is the seed.

Flower and Fruit: The flowers are short-pedicled, single or

in groups of 2 or 3 in the leaf axils. The "flowers are

zygomorphic; the calyx 5-tipped, 2 to 5 mm long, pubescent

and does not drop. The corolla is campanulate, 5-lobed and

distinctly bilabiate. It is 1.5 to 3.5 cm long, white or reddish.

The lower lobes are the longest. There are 4 stamens. The

ovary is usually 2-chambered (but can be up to 10-cham-

bered) with a false septum, 1 to 1.5 mm long and pubescent.

The fruit is a square, brownish, 2 to 3 cm long and up to 1

cm wide, multi-seeded capsule. The seeds are yellowish-

white, brownish, reddish or black, 1.5 to 4 mm long, 1 to 2

mm wide, 0.5 to 1 mm thick, and smooth or finely ribbed.

Leaves, Stem and Root: The herb grows upright to a height

of 1.2 m. The lower leaves are opposite and the petiole is 3

to 11 cm long. The lamina 4 to 20 cm long and 2 to 10 cm

wide. It is elongate-ovate, entire or 3-lobed, then dentate.

The upper leaves are opposite or alternate. The petiole is up

to 3 cm long. The lamina is 0.5 to 2.5 cm wide, lanceolate

and usually entire. Young leaves are pubescent and sticky.

The stem is square to hexagonal, eiuher completely pubescent

or only on the upper section. The taproot grows down to a

depth of almost 1 m. The stem is branched or unbranched.

Characteristics: The plant's rily seeds are odorless with a

sweet taste.

Habitat: Sesame orientale is cultivated worldwide in tropical

and subtropical temperate zones, but the main sesame oil-

producing countries are India, Sudan, Burma and China.

Production: Sesame oil is the oil of Sesamum orientale,

which is pressed or extracted from the ripe seeds and refined.

Other Names: Beniseed, Gingelly, Oriental Sesame

ACTIONS AND PHARMACOLOGY

COMPOUNDS

Fatty oil (97 to 98%): chief fatty acids are oleic acid (35 to

50%), linoleic acid (35 to 50%), palmitic acid (7 to 12%),

stearic acid (3 to 6%)

Lignarts (0.8 to 1.7%): including sesamine sesamolin