Leung's Encyclopedia of Common Natural Ingredients Used in Food, Drugs, and Cosmetics

shown carcinogenic activity.^6 Myricadiol has

shown spermatocidal activity.^1

USES

Medicinal, Pharmaceutical, and Cosmetic.

Root bark has been and probably still is used

as astringent, tonic, and stimulant to indolent

ulcers and as an ingredient in Composition

Powder used for colds and chills.

Dietary Supplements/Health Foods. Pow-

dered root bark still seen as an ingredient in

Composition Powders, for colds and fevers

(FOSTER AND DUKE).

Traditional Medicine. Used in Puerto Rico

to treat stubborn ulcers (MORTON2). Root bark

used historically in the United States as an

astringent and in larger doses an emetic, for

chronic gastritis, diarrhea, dysentery, leucor-

rhea, jaundice, fevers; externally for hard-

to-heal ulcers (FOSTER AND DUKE). Micmac

Indians used the roots to treat headaches and

inflammations, and as an analgesic.^7 External

inflammations were treated with the crushed

roots soaked in water.^8

Other. Fruit is source of bayberry wax for

candles.

COMMERCIAL PREPARATIONS

Available generally as crude botanical.

Regulatory Status. Bayberry root bark was

included in N.F. IV–V (1916–1926).

REFERENCES

See the General References forBAILEY1;DER MARDEROSIAN AND BEUTLER;FOSTER AND DUKE;GRIEVE;

KROCHMAL AND KROCHMAL;LUST;MARTINDALE;MERCK;MORTON2;YOUNGKEN.

1. B. D. Paul et al.,J. Pharm. Sci., 63 , 958
   (1974).


2. M. Nagai et al.,Chem. Pharm. Bull., 48 ,
   1427 (2000).


3. K. Sakurawi et al.,Chem. Pharm. Bull., 44 ,
   343 (1996).


4. N. Chistokhodova et al.,J. Ethnophar-
   macol., 81 , 277 (2002).
   5. S. Mihara and M. Fujimoto, Eur. J.
   Pharmacol., 12 , 33 (1993).
   6. G. J. Kapadia et al.,J. Natl. Cancer Inst.,
   57 , 207 (1976).
   7. R. F. Chandler et al.,J. Ethnopharmacol.,
   1 , 49 (1979).
   8. W. D. Wallis, Am. Anthropol., 24 ,24
   (1922).

BEE POLLEN

Source:Pollen collected by bees or harvested

directly from flowers for commercial use.

Common/vernacular names:Buckwheat pol-

len, maize pollen, pollen, pollen pini, pollen

typhae, puhuang, rape pollen, typha pollen,

pine pollen, songhuafen, and so on.

GENERAL DESCRIPTION

Pollen is composed of microspores (male

reproductiveelements) of seed-bearing plants.

Bee pollen refers to pollen collected by bees

that is in turn harvested for commercial

distribution.

The sources and types of bee pollen

are extremely variable. Known species that

Bee pollen 81