Leung's Encyclopedia of Common Natural Ingredients Used in Food, Drugs, and Cosmetics

Dietary Supplements/Health Foods. Dried
leaves, stems and twigs in loose, powder, and
extract forms in capsules, tablets, teas, and
other products (MOORE1).^11

Traditional Medicine. A decoction of chap-
arral leaves has been taken internally bysouth-
west American Indian tribes in the treatment
of rheumatism, sores, gonorrhea, tuberculosis,
bowel complaints, cramps, stomachaches,
sore gums (gargle), and as an emetic to bring
down high fevers; externally for rheumatism,
arthritis, sore body parts,, sores on animals;
leaf infusion taken internally to treat colds,
dysuria, asthma, and congestion and used
externally against arthritis, rheumatism,
sprains, aching bones, infected skin, dandruff,
and impetigo sores; stems also used in various

preparations, alone and combined with leaves

(MOERMAN); widely used popular folk remedy

for cancer (in the United States) for facial,

stomach, liver, lung, kidney, skin cancers,

melanoma, and leukemia.^30

COMMERCIAL PREPARATIONS

Crude herb; extracts.

Regulatory Status. NDGA is prohibited from

use in human foods (§189.165); herb consid-

ered unsafe by the F.D.A;^27 oral forms volun-

tarily removed from U.S. market in 1992, but

continue to be sold.^11 Class 2b (not to be used

during pregnancy).

REFERENCES

See the General References forBARNES;DER MARDEROSIAN AND LIBERTI;DE SMET ET AL.;DUKE2;GLASBY1;
HARBOURNE AND BAXTER;HICKMAN;HUANG;MCGUFFIN1&2;MOORE1;NIKITAKIS;STEINMETZ;TYLER1;
TYLER3;UPHOF.

1. D. M. Porter,Taxon, 23 , 339 (1974).


2. J. L. Valentine et al.,Anal Lett., 17 , 1617
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3. W. R. Obermeyer et al.,Proc. Soc. Exp.
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4. F. R. Fronczek et al.,J. Nat. Prod., 40 , 497
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5. O. Gisvold and E. Thaker,J. Pharm. Sci.,
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6. C. Konno et al.,J. Nat. Prod., 52 , 1113
   (1989).


7. C. Konno et al.,J. Nat. Prod., 53 , 396
   (1990).


8. M. Sakakibrara et al.,Phytochemistry,
   15 , 727 (1976).


9. J. T. Mabry et al., eds.,Creosote Bush,
   Biology and Chemistry of Larrea in New
   World Deserts, Dowden, Hutchinson and
   Ross, Stroudsburg, PA, 1977.


10. C. F. M. T. J. Bohnsted,Rev. Latinoamer.
    Quim., 10 , 128 (1979).


11. Institute of Medicine and National
    Research Council, National Academies,
    Prototype Monograph on Chaparral.
    Dietary Supplement Ingredient Proto-
    type Monographs, The National Acade-
    mies Press, Washington, DC, 2004.


12. C. Konno et al., Proceedings of
    International Congress on Natural
    Products, 2 , 328 (1987).


13. M. Angeles Verastegui et al.,J. Ethno-
    pharmacol., 52 , 175 (1996).


14. L. Y. Zang et al.,Mol. Cell. Biochem., 196 ,
    157 (1999).


15. D. G. Tang and K. V. Honn,J. Cell.
    Physiol., 172 , 155 (1997).


16. T. Seufferlein et al.,Br. J. Cancer, 86 ,
    1188 (2002).


17. N. Sathyamoorthy et al.,Cancer Res., 54 ,
    957 (1994).


18. J. Chung et al.,J. Biol. Chem., 272 14740 ,
    (1997).

176 Chaparral