Leung's Encyclopedia of Common Natural Ingredients Used in Food, Drugs, and Cosmetics

(やまだぃちぅ) #1
Regulatory Status. Although essential oil
solvent-free oleoresins and natural extractives
of otherRosaspp. are GRAS (§182.20), the

U.S. regulatory status ofRosa laevigatais not
established.

REFERENCES

See General References forBAILEY2;CHEUNG AND LI;CHP;FOSTER AND DUKE;IMM-3;JIANGSU;JIXIAN;LU
AND LI;MCGUFFIN1 & 2.;NATIONAL.


  1. T. Yoshida et al.,Chem. Pharm. Bull., 37 ,
    920 (1989).

  2. T. Yoshida et al.,Phytochemistry, 28 , 2451
    (1989).

  3. J. Fang et al.,Phytochemistry, 30 , 3383
    (1991).
    4. X. Li, Zhongguo Zhong Yao Za Zhi/
    ZhongguoZhongyao Zazhi, 22 , 298 (1997).
    5. X.Sheetal.,ActaHort.Sin., 15 ,240(1988).
    6. X. B. Ni,Zhongcaoyao, 22 , 429 (1991).
    7. L. Sun et al.,Jiangxi Yixueyuan Xuebao,
    30 (3), 5 (1990).


CHERRY BARK, WILD

Source: Prunus serotina Ehrh. (Family
Rosaceae).

Common/vernacular names: Black cherry,
capulin, rum cherry bark, Wild black cherry,
and wild cherry bark.

GENERAL DESCRIPTION

Large tree with rough dark trunk and reddish
brown branches; up to about 1.5 m in diameter
and 30 m in height; native to North America
(Nova Scotia to Florida and west to Nebraska
and Texas.) Part used is the dried stem bark,
free of the rough outer bark, preferably col-
lected in the fall.

CHEMICAL COMPOSITION

Bark contains condensed tannins,^1 prunasin (d-
mandelonitrile glucoside); emulsin; eudesmic
acid (3,4,5-trimethoxybenzoic acid);p-couma-
ricacid; scopoletin; sugars; andothers (KARRER).
Fruit skin contains capulin anthocyanins.^2
Prunasin is a cyanogenic glucoside that
is hydrolyzed by the enzyme prunase into
hydrocyanic acid (HCN, prussic acid),

glucose, and benzaldehyde. The yield of HCN
by the bark varies with the times of collection
and the thickness and types of bark. Bark
collected in the fall has the highest HCN yield
(ca. 0.15%), while that collected in the spring
has only about 0.05% yield of HCN. In con-
trast, leaves have been reported to yield the
highest amounts of HCN in the spring, up to
about 0.25% of potential HCN yield in fresh
leaves (LIST AND HO ̈RHAMMER).^3 Leaves also
contain amygdalin.^4

PHARMACOLOGY AND BIOLOGICAL
ACTIVITIES

Believed to have astringent, sedative, and
antitussive properties.

TOXICOLOGY

Hydrocyanic acid, present in bark extracts
(MARTINDALE), is a lethal poison.

USES

Medicinal, Pharmaceutical, and Cosmetic.
Extracts used extensively in cold and cough

182 Cherry bark, wild
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