Leung's Encyclopedia of Common Natural Ingredients Used in Food, Drugs, and Cosmetics

a source of sclareol, which can be solvent
extracted from the plant and converted to
sclareolide; both are used in flavoring tobac-
cos. Sclareolide is also used in the production
of an ambergris substitute.^1

COMMERCIAL PREPARATIONS

Crude and oil; oil is official in F.C.C.

Regulatory Status. GRAS as a natural sea-

soning or flavoring (§182.10). Essential oil,

solvent-free oleoresin, and natural extractive

also GRAS (§182.20).

REFERENCES

See the General References forARCTANDER;BAILEY1;BIANCHINI AND CORBETTA;FEMA;GRIEVE;GUENTHER;
MCGUFFIN1&2;POUCHER;TERRELL.

1. S. E. Allured,Cosmet. Perfum., 90 (4), 69
   (1975).


2. C. Souleles and N. Argyriadou,Int. J.
   Pharmacogn., 35 , 218 (1997).


3. A. T. Peana et al.,Planta Med., 65 , 752
   (1999).


4. A. Carrubba et al.,Flav. Fragr. J., 17 , 191
   (2002).


5. D. Lorenzo et al.,Flav. Fragr. J., 19 , 303
   (2004).


6. M. Van de Waal et al.,Helv. Chim. Acta,
   85 , 1246 (2002).


7. J. Fiori et al., J. Sep. Sci., 25 , 703
   (2002).


8. H. B. Heath,Cosmet. Toilet., 92 (1), 19
   (1977).


9. S. Chorbadzhiev et al., paper given at the
   4th Mezhdunar. Kongr. Efirnym Maslam
   (Mater.), 1968.
   10. G. Petri Verzar and M. Then, Herba
   Hung., 13 , 51 (1974).
   11. A. I. Karetnikova et al., Maslo Zhir.
   Prom., 7 , 29 (1974).
   12. A. Ulubelen et al.,Phytochemistry, 36 ,
   971 (1994).
   13. G. Miliauskas et al.,Food Chem., 85 , 231
   (2004).
   14. C. Viollon et al., Fitoterapia, 68 , 279
   (1996).
   15. S. Atanasova-Shopova and K. S. Rusinov,
   Izv. Acad. Nauk. Inst. Fiziol., Bulg., 13 ,
   89 (1970); throughChem. Abstr., 74 ,
   123533m (1971).
   16. D. L. J. Opdyke,Food Cosmet. Toxicol.,
   12 (Suppl.), 865 (1974).
   17. F. Zani et al.,Planta Med., 57 , 237 (1991).
   18. J. L. Hartwell,Lloydia, 32 ,247 (1969).

CLOVER TOPS, RED

Source: Trifolium pratense L. (Family
Leguminosae).

Common/vernacular names: Cow clover,
meadow clover, purple clover, red clover, and
trifolium.

GENERAL DESCRIPTION

A biennial or perennial herb with rose-purple

flowers and leaves consisting of three, often

hairy, white-blotched leaflets; up to 0.8 m

high; native to Europe and naturalized in

North America. Parts used are the flowering

tops (inflorescence).

206 Clover tops, red