Leung's Encyclopedia of Common Natural Ingredients Used in Food, Drugs, and Cosmetics

COMMERCIAL PREPARATIONS

Cocoa powders, cocoa butter, cocoa syrup,

and cocoa extracts. Cocoa (10–22% fat),

cocoa butter, and cocoa syrup are official

in N.F.

Regulatory Status. Standards of identity for

cocoa products apply (§§163.110–163.155).

Cocoa extracts are GRAS (§182.20). Cocoa

seed is the subject of a German therapeutic

monograph; not recommended as claimed

efficacy is unsubstantiated; allowed as flavor-

ing agent.^23

REFERENCES

See the General References forBAILEY2;BLUMENTHAL1;GOSSELIN;GRIEVE;HORTUS3rd;KARRER;

MARTINDALE;TERRELL;USDA.

1. R. J. Clarke and J. W. Drummond in
   L. W. Codd et al., eds., Chemical
   Technology: An Encyclopedic Treatment,
   Vol.7,Barnes&Noble,NewYork,1975,p.
   645.


2. B.D.PowellandT.L.HarrisinA.Standen,
   ed., Kirk-Othmer Encyclopedia of
   Chemical Technology, Vol. 5 , Wiley–
   Interscience, New York, 1964, p. 363.


3. D. Reymond,Chemtech, 7 , 664 (1977).


4. P. G. Keeney,J. Am. Oil Chem. Soc., 49 ,
   567 (1972).


5. W. Pickenhagen et al.,Helv. Chim. Acta,
   58 , 1078 (1975).


6. D. J. Timbie and P. G. Keeney,J. Agric.
   Food Chem., 25 , 424 (1977).


7. D. L. Zak and P. G. Keeney,J. Agric. Food
   Chem., 24 , 483 (1976).


8. Y. Asamoa and J. Wurziger,Gordian, 76 ,
   138 (1976).


9. G. Barbiroli, Atti Cong. Qual., 6 149
   (1968).


10. M. Mironescu,Rev. Fiz. Chim. Ser. A, 11 ,
    218 (1974).


11. T. M. Kenyhercz and P. T. Kissinger,
    Phytochemistry, 16 , 1602 (1977).


12. R. M. Riggin and P. T. Kissinger,J. Agric.
    Food Chem., 24 , 900 (1976).


13. L. Biino and E. Clabot, Atti Soc.
    Peloritana Sci. Fis. Mat. Natur., 16 ,
    257 (1970).


14. T. M. Kenyhercz and P. T. Kissinger,
    Lloydia, 41 , 130 (1978).


15. R. F. Looney in L. W. Codd et al., eds.,
    Chemical Technology: An Encyclopedic
    Treatment, Vol. 8, Barnes & Noble,
    New York, 1975, p. 1.


16. Y. Asamoa and J. Wurziger,Gordian, 74 ,
    280 (1974).


17. H. Chaveron,Choc. Confiserie Fr., 273 ,
    12 (1971).


18. T. Itoh et al.,J. Am. Oil Chem. Soc., 50 ,
    300 (1973).


19. T. Itoh et al.,Oleagineux, 29 , 253 (1974).


20. K. Kimura et al., Jpn. Kokai 73 17, 825
    (1973).


21. V. V. Ivanov,Vestn. Dermatol. Venerol.,
    3 , 57 (1976).


22. O.H. Mills et al.,Br. J. Dermatol., 98 , 145
    (1978).


23. Monograph Cacao semen, Bunde-
    sanzeiger, no. 40 (February 27, 1991).


24. P. A. Dewdney and M. L. Meara,Sci.
    Tech. Surv. Br. Food Manuf. Ind. Res.
    Assoc., 96 (1977).

Cocoa (cacao) 219